摘要
为探索防控花生淹涝灾害的最佳耕作方式,分别选用淹涝敏感品种中花4号和耐渍品种湘花2008,采取不同起垄高度(0、10、20cm)与不同覆膜方式相结合的方法,测定了叶片叶绿素含量、光合特性、荚果产量与品质性状。结果表明:(1)渍涝条件下随垄高的增加,不论敏感和耐渍品种,净光合作用速率、气孔导度、胞间二氧化碳浓度和蒸腾速率等光合指标均呈先高后低的变化趋势,且覆膜明显高于露地,覆膜条件下花生的叶绿素含量持续增长,而露地栽培呈先高后低变化;(2)起垄覆膜栽培增产效果好,主要缘于单株饱果数、饱果率、百果重等均提高;(3)起垄覆膜栽培的籽仁油分、蛋白质含量总体均高于平垄露地栽培,其中敏感品种的油分、蛋白含量均以垄高10cm较高,覆膜栽培降低油分、提高蛋白质含量;耐渍品种不论覆膜与否油分含量均以垄高20cm较高,而蛋白质含量则以垄高10cm较高,覆膜栽培提高油分。结论:适度起垄辅以覆膜的耕种模式对耐渍和敏感品种防控淹涝灾害均有较好效果,敏感品种的适宜垄高为10~20cm,耐渍品种10cm为宜。
In order to explore the best farming methods to prevent and control peanut waterlogging,the susceptible cultivar Zhonghua4 and the tolerant cultivar Xianghua2008 were selected respectively.Under different ridge heights(0,10,20 cm)and mulching methods,the leaf chlorophyll content,photosynthetic characteristics,pod yield and quality traits were measured.The results showed:①Under the conditions of waterlogging,with the increase of ridge height,the photosynthetic indexes such as net photosynthesis rate,stomatal conductance,intercellular carbon dioxide concentration and transpiration rate showed the trend of"high first and low then".The content of chlorophyll in peanut was significantly higher than that in open field,and the content of chlorophyll in peanut increased continuously when exposed to plastic film.②Ridging and film mulching had a good positive effect on the yield,which was mainly attributed to the number of full fruit per plant,the full fruit rate and the average fruit weight.③The oil content and protein content of seed kernel cultivated by ridge coating were higher than that of flat ridge,in which the oil content and protein content of sensitive species were all higher with 10 cm ridge height,and the film cultivation reduced oil content and protein content.Regardless of the oil content of the film or not,the height of the ridge is 20 cm,while the protein content is higher in the furrow height of 10 cm,and the film cultivation increases the oil content.The cultivation mode with moderate ridge-ridging supplemented with plastic film has good effect on the prevention and control of flooding and waterlogging damage of both susceptible and susceptible varieties.The appropriate ridge height of sensitive varieties is 10~20 cm,and the resistant type of 10 cm is suitable.
作者
单兴斌
刘登望
李林
曾红远
王飞
万书波
郭峰
张佳蕾
SHAN Xing-bin;LIU Deng-wang;LI Lin;ZENG Hong-yuan;WANG Fei;WAN Shu-bo;GUO Feng;ZHANG Jia-lei(College of Biological Science and Technology,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410128,China;College of Agronomy,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410128,China;Dongting Lake Ecosystem Health in Rural Hunan Province Key Lab.,Changsha 410128,China;Biotechnology Research Center of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Jinan 250100,China)
出处
《花生学报》
北大核心
2018年第1期27-32,42,共7页
Journal of Peanut Science
基金
国家自然科学基金(31671634)
国家科技部"十五"重大科技攻关项目(2001BA507A)
"十二五"国家科技支撑计划(2014BAD11B04)
农业部国家花生产业技术体系建设项目(CARS-13)
国家2011计划南方粮油作物协同创新中心课题
湖南省科技厅重点研发项目(2016NK2108)
关键词
花生
淹涝
起垄
地膜覆盖
光合特性
产量
品质
peanut
waterlogging-tolerance
ridging
film mulching
photosynthesis property
yield
quality
