摘要
为研究新疆准噶尔盆地艾比湖湿地不同植物群落近10年土壤水盐及养分的动态变化,以环湖1周160km范围内的典型植被梭梭-柽柳、梭梭、胡杨、芦苇群落为研究对象,分析其在2006和2015年土壤含水量、盐分含量、pH值和有机质含量的变化和空间分布特征。结果表明:(1)近10年艾比湖湿地不同植物群落土壤有机质含量和含水量明显下降且整体水平较低,二者分别下降了24.65%~48%和5.41%~20.16%;土壤含盐量、pH值分别上升81.92%~128.74%和2.99%~4.21%,土壤盐碱程度加强。(2)通过土壤水分-盐分-养分空间分布分析显示,各群落近10年土壤盐渍化增加、养分降低程度大小表现为梭梭-柽柳群落>胡杨群落>梭梭群落>芦苇群落,其中梭梭-柽柳群落土壤达到重度盐化水平,有机质降到6级,而其他群落土壤均为中度盐化,有机质为4级,但芦苇群落土壤退化程度较小。研究发现,近10年艾比湖湿地不同植物群落土壤养分不断下降、水分含量降低、盐渍化程度加剧,土壤处于退化状态;土壤质地、降水和气温暖干化是不同植物群落下土壤退化程度差异的基础,人口、耕地面积和农业用水等人类活动使各群落土壤退化程度的差异更加显著。
The wetland of Ebinur Lake is seriously degrading due to natural and anthropogenic factors,which affects the physical and chemical properties of the soil.However,there have been fewer studies on the long-term change of soil water,salt and nutrient.In this study,the changes and spatial distribution of soil water content,salt content,pH value and organic matter under typical vegetation(Haloxylon ammodendron-Tamarix chinensis community,Haloxylon ammodendron community,Populus euphratica community,Phragmites communis community)were analyzed from 2006 to 2015.The results showed that:(1)soil organic matter and water content under different plant communities significantly decreased from 2006 to 2015,which decreased by 24.65%-48%and 5.41%-20.16%,respectively.In contrast,soil salinity and pH increased by 81.92%-128.74%and 2.99%-4.21%,respectively,which indicated that soil salinization aggravated around the wetland of Ebinur Lake.(2)The level of nutrient reduction was Haloxylon ammodendron-Tamarix chinensin>Populus euphratica>Haloxylon ammodendron>Phragmites communis.The soil of northwest reached heavy salinization level,and the organic matter decreased to six-level.The soil in other communities was moderately salinized,and the organic matter was four-level.The study found the soil condition in Ebinur wetland has been deteriorating in the past decade,as the the soil nutrients of different plants communities and water content have been decreasing,and salinization has been increasing.Soil texture,precipitation and climate warming and drying were the basis of soil degradation under different plant communities.Anthropogenic activities(the increase of population and agricultural water consumption,and the change of cultivated land)make the remarkable difference of soil degradation degree under different communities.
作者
朱海强
李艳红
李发东
ZHU Haiqiang;LI Yanhong;LI Fadong(College of Geographic Science and Tourism Xinjiang Normal University,Urumqi 830054,China;Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,Xinjiang Laboratory of Lake Environment and Resources in Arid Area,Urumqi 830054,China;Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;College of Resources and Environment,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China)
出处
《西北植物学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第3期535-543,共9页
Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica
基金
国家自然科学基金(41561104)
新疆维吾尔自治区重点实验室开放课题(2015KL015)
关键词
艾比湖湿地
植物群落
土壤水分-盐分-养分
退化程度评价
Ebinur Lake wetland
plant communities
soil moisture-salinity-nutrient
degradation degree evaluation
influencing factors
