摘要
研究滴灌、微喷灌对土壤水分和养分分布以及冬小麦生长和产量的影响,可为该技术在河北省冬小麦生产上的应用提供科学依据。在利用埋深0.2 m的真空表负压计控制土壤基质势下限为-25 kPa条件下进行滴灌和微喷带灌溉(微喷灌),以小畦田地面灌(畦灌)为对照,研究了不同灌水方式对土壤水分和养分分布以及冬小麦生长和产量的影响。结果表明:与畦灌处理相比,滴灌和微喷灌处理的灌水量均减少了150 m^3/hm^2;总施肥量均降低了24.0 kg/hm^2,其中,节约氮肥(N)16.5 kg/hm^2,节约钾肥(K_2O)7.5 kg/hm^2;土壤基质势始终保持在-25^-3 kPa,变化幅度较小;根层土壤硝态氮和氧化钾含量均较高,保肥能力强;产量分别提高了6.33%和8.45%,但差异未达到显著水平。采用冬小麦滴灌和微喷灌水肥一体化技术,在提高灌溉自动化程度的前提下,可省水、省肥,且可提高产量,符合当前规模化农业生产的要求,建议在冬小麦生产上推广应用。
The effects of drip irrigation and micro-sprinkler irrigation of hoses on soil water and nutrient distribution as well as the growth and yield of winter wheat were studied in order to provide scientific basis for the application of this technique in winter wheat production in Hebei Province.Drip irrigation and microsprinkler irrigation of hoses under the condition of the threshold of soil matric potential of-25 kPa were controlled by vacuum tensiometers with a 0.2 m depth,taking the border irrigation as control.The results showed that compared with border irrigation,the irrigation volume of drip irrigation and micro-sprinkler irrigation of hoses decreased by 150 m3/hm2,the total fertilization amount decreased by 24.0 kg/hm2,among which,N and K2O fertilizers reduced by 16.5 kg/hm2 and 7.5 kg/hm2,respectively.The soil matrix potential remained at-25--3 kPa,and the change amplitude was small.The contents of nitrate and potassium oxide at root layer were higher,and the fertility holding capacity was strong.The yield increased by 6.33%and 8.45%,respectively,but the difference was not significant.With the application of drip irrigation and micro-sprinkler irrigation of hoses in winter wheat,water and fertilizer could be saved on the premise of increasing irrigation automation,and the yield could be increased,which met the requirement of large-scale agricultural production,and was recommended in winter wheat production.
作者
焦艳平
王福田
武剑
李月霞
檀海斌
JIAO Yan-ping;WANG Fu-tian;WU Jian;LI Yue-xia;TAN Hai-bin(Hebei Academy of Water Resources,Shijiazhuang 050051,China;Hebei Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Water Saving,Shijiazhuang 050051,China;Hebei Research Institute of Investigation and Design of Water Conservancy and Hydropower,Tianjin 300250,China;Semi-arid Agriculture Engineering and Technology Research Center of China,Shijiazhuang 050051,China)
出处
《河北农业科学》
2017年第6期17-22,共6页
Journal of Hebei Agricultural Sciences
基金
水利部科技推广计划项目(TG1502)
关键词
冬小麦
滴灌
微喷灌
株高
叶面积指数
光合特性
产量
Winter wheat
Drip irrigation
Microsprinkler irrigation of hoses
Plant height
Leaf area index
Photosynthetic characteristics
Yield
