摘要
天命观问题是历代中国哲人比较关注的一个问题。而在不同时代,天命观又存在着重大差异。本文试图通过对《论语集解》与《论语集注》中有关天命的文本分析,比较董仲舒与朱熹天命观之不同,并进而揭示汉学与宋学对于天命的不同理解。《论语集解》受汉代天人关系说特别是董仲舒?三统说?的影响,其关注的是?三统说?起源发展的历史,关注的是朝代和国家兴旺更替的根本原因以及改正朔、易服色的具体内容。朱熹接续和发展子思、孟子及二程?诚?的思想,用其精深的理学本体论来解天命,其天命或天道也即子思、孟子的?诚?,或者如程子所言的?忠恕之道?的?忠?,认为它是?事物所以当然之故?。这体现了宋学和汉学在天命观上的巨大差异。
The theory of destiny is one of the concerns of Chinese philosophers in the past dynasties.In different times,theories of destiny are quite different.This article,based on the text analysis of the destiny in Interpretation of The Analects and Annotation of The Analects,attempts to make a comparative study of the differences between Dong Zhongshu’s theory of destiny and Zhu Xi’s theory of destiny,and reveal the different understanding of destiny between Han school and Song school.Influenced by the theory of the relationship between heaven and man in the Han dynasty,especially Dong Zhongshu’s“san tong theory”,Interpretation of The Analects is concerned with the history of the origin and development of“san tong theory”,the fundamental causes of the changes of a dynasty or a state and the specific contents of revising the first day of the first month in a year as well as the color of clothes.Zhu Xi succeeded and developed the thought of“honesty”of Zi Si,Mencius and Cheng Zi,and interpreted destiny with his profound Neo-Confucian ontology,holding that destiny or natural law means Zi Si’s and Mencius’“honesty”,or Cheng Zi’s“loyalty”in his“doctrine of benevolence and loyalty”,thinking that everything has its own law.This shows the great difference in theory of destiny between Song school and Han school.
作者
常会营
CHANG Huiying(Department of Research,Confucius Temple and Imperial College Museum,Beijing 100007,China)
出处
《衡水学院学报》
2018年第2期2-13,共12页
Journal of Hengshui University
关键词
董仲舒
朱熹
天命观
比较
Dong Zhongshu
Zhu Xi
theory of destiny
comparison
