摘要
主要综述了基于草畜平衡的划区轮牧的研究进展和困境以及划区轮牧对土壤理化性质的影响。基于草畜平衡的划区轮牧发展至今,已实现由非适应性的放牧方式(维持预先定好的载畜量)到适应性的放牧策略(通过实际追踪饲草供给量而灵活改变载畜量)的改进,同时也应认识到划区轮牧区块规模、载畜量的确定非常复杂,未来要想真正达到草畜之间的适应性动态平衡,需要对划区轮牧进行更深入的研究。划区轮牧能够减轻牲畜的踩踏作用,有利于土壤保持稳定的物理结构。划区轮牧对土壤有机质和磷含量的影响表现为增加和无影响;对土壤表层全氮和速效氮的含量表现为降低。
The research progress and dilemma of grazing rotation based on the balance between forage and livestock and the effects of the grazing rotation on soil physical and chemical properties were reviewed.The development of grazing rotation on the balance of forage and livestock had been from the nonadaptive way of grazing(maintaining pre-determined grazing capacity)to the adaptive strategies of grazing(flexibly changing grazing capacity through actual tracking forage supply).Although grazing rotation seemed simple,the practice showed that design block size and the determination of grazing capacity were very complex.Therefore,it was necessary to have more in-depth understanding of grazing rotation in the future to achieve the adaptive dynamic balance between forage and livestock.Generally,the grazing rotation could alleviate the stampeding effect of livestock,which was beneficial to the better maintenance of soil physical structure.Grazing rotation on the content of soil organic matter and phosphorus were not consistent:it might decrease or have no effect.In terms of the content of total nitrogen and instant nitrogen in soil surface,grazing rotation was lower than free grazing.
作者
赵成振
钟荣珍
周道玮
郑聪聪
Zhao Chengzhen;Zhong Rongzhen;Zhou Daowei;Zheng Congcong(Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Changchun 130102;Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Grassland Farming,Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun;Institute of Grassland Science,Northeast Normal University,Key Laboratory Ecology,Ministry of Education)
出处
《黑龙江八一农垦大学学报》
2018年第2期38-42,77,共6页
journal of heilongjiang bayi agricultural university
基金
国家重点研发计划专题(2016YFC0500606)
中国科学院青年创新促进会人才项目(2015184)
关键词
划区轮牧
载畜量
草畜平衡
土壤理化性质
grazing rotation
grazing capacity
balance of forage and livestock
physical and chemical properties of soil
