摘要
为了更合理地保存、保护和使用纸质文献,延长纸质文献的寿命,通过分析纸张酸碱性和相对湿度、温度、光照、空气污染物、微生物等环境因素对纸张老化的影响,介绍对应的机理和缓解措施。纸张酸碱性对其老化速率影响很大,酸性越强纸张老化速度越快。因此,要避免纸质文献接触酸性物质;对于本身酸化严重的纸质文献可进行脱酸处理。相对湿度对于纸张老化有双向影响,相对湿度越高,纸张老化越快;但是相对湿度过低时,纸张会发生脆化、翘曲等物理损伤,并且相对湿度波动比不理想的湿度值对纸张性能的损伤更大。通常,纸质文献宜保存在40%~60%相对湿度范围内容易达到和维持全年稳定的值。温度波动会引起相对湿度波动,所以温度稳定对纸张保护很重要,纸质文献保存适宜的温度为20℃左右。光照对于纸张老化危害严重且具有累积性,紫外线对于纸张的破坏最强,红外线能够引起热效应。纸质文献必须隔绝阳光,使用不含紫外线和红外线的灯具照明,且尽可能缩短光照时间。乙酸、甲酸和2-戊基呋喃等空气污染物对于纸张老化的危害较大,需注意保持库房空气清洁且加强装具的通风。霉菌会引起纸张老化速度加快和变色,纸质文献入库前必须灭菌。研究结果可为延缓纸质文献老化提供参考。
In order to better conserve,protect and use paper documents and lengthen their lifespans,we reviewed the influences of acid-base properties of paper,relative humidity,temperature,light,air contaminants and microorganism on the aging of paper,and the mechanisms and effectiveness of mitigation measures.The acid-base property of paper has a great influence on its aging:the more acidic the paper is,the quicker the aging will be.Therefore,paper documents should avoid exposure to acidic materials,and severely acidified ones should be de-acidified.Relative humidity has a two-way influence on paper aging.The aging of paper becomes quicker with the increase of relative humidity.However,physical damage,such as embrittlement and warp,will occur to paper when the relative humidity is too low.Furthermore,fluctuation of relative humidity is more harmful than undesirable values.The optimum relative humidity range for paper document conservation is 40%~60%where steady values are easy to reach and maintain all year round.The rate of aging of paper also increases with the rise of temperature.The optimum temperature for paper document conservation is around 20℃.In addition,fluctuation of temperature will cause variation of relative humidity,and therefore temperature stabilization is also important.The aging of paper can be severely accelerated by light,and the damage can accumulate.Ultraviolet rays can cause the strongest damage to paper,while infrared rays can induce heat effects.Therefore,paper documents have to be kept out of sunlight.Lamps with ultraviolet or infrared rays should not be used for illumination and the exposure period be minimized as much as possible.Air contaminants,mainly acetic acid,formic acid and 2 pentyfuran,may accelerate the aging of paper,so air in storage rooms should be kept clean and storage container be ventilated.Mold may also accelerate the aging of paper and discolor it,so disinfection of paper documents must be done before being put in a library.
作者
闫智培
易晓辉
田周玲
任珊珊
龙堃
张铭
YAN Zhi-pei;YI Xiao-hui;TIAN Zhou-ling;REN Shan-shan;LONG Kun;ZHANG Ming(National Library of China,Key Laboratory of Ancient Book Preservation and Conservation,Ministry of Culture,Beijing 100034,China)
出处
《文物保护与考古科学》
北大核心
2018年第2期110-120,共11页
Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology
关键词
酸碱性
相对湿度
温度
光照
空气污染物
霉菌
纸张老化
Acid-base property
Relative humidity
Temperature
Light
Air contaminant
Mold
Aging of paper
