摘要
"纵囚归狱"是汉唐间常见的历史故实,特指地方长吏私放在押囚犯出狱与家人团聚,克期来归,众囚感恩,如期而返。这类事迹有违朝廷律法,却成为良吏止讼息狱、化民向善的政绩而以程式化的书写模式反复见诸史籍,虚实参半,真伪杂糅。史传叙事直接影响了现实的政治行为,纵囚之举在汉唐间不断地为地方官吏所仿效,塑造成为历史传统。隋唐时期,君主一度取代良吏成为纵囚故事的主角,唐太宗法外施仁,为宣示盛世主导了贞观纵囚。而经历了此次并不成功的德政制造之后,正史中良吏纵囚的事例逐渐消失,汉魏以来的循吏政治模式被摒弃,唐王朝逐渐进入了律令制时代。
“Prisoners returning to prison after temporary release”(zongqiu guiyu)was a commionphcnomcnon in the Han andTang.tt particularly referred to local miagistratcs5 practice of unofficially freeing prisoners temiporarily so that they could see their families.Moved by gratitude,the prisoners would return to prison on schedule.Releasing prisoners contravened the imperial legal code,but it was seen as a way for micritorious officials to reduce lawsuits and punishments and instill public morality.Formulaic records of such miodcl deeds arc frequently to be seen in the histories,but they mingle the true and the false and the real and the imagined.However,such historical narratives directly influenced political behavior in the real world.In the Han andTang dynasties,many local officials imitated this practice of letting prisoners out,and it bccamic a historical tradition.八t some time during thcSui and Tang dynasties,the emiperor replaced the good official as the miain player in this story.Todcmonstratc thcpcacc and prosperity of his reign,Emiperor Taizong of Tang bypassed the law and in an act of benevolence initiated the Zhenguan reign period release of prisoners.However,when this attemipt at virtuous rule was unsuccessful,stories of good officials releasing prisoners disappeared precipitately fromi the official histories.T'hc political miodll of rule by upright officials that had lasted since the Han and Wei dynasties was abandoned,and thcTang dynasty entered an era of codified law.
出处
《历史研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2018年第2期18-34,190,共18页
Historical Research
