摘要
环境DNA(environmental DNA,eDNA)是指生物通过皮肤脱落、唾液、配子、粪便以及分泌物等方式向环境中释放的游离DNA。环境DNA具有敏感性、准确性以及容易操作等诸多优势,更能实时地反映物种多样性以及生物量等,近两三年受到了世界各地学者们的大量关注。水域环境高度复杂,环境DNA在水域生态领域具有重要的应用价值。本文主要从环境DNA在水域生态的应用以及研究方法方面对环境DNA的研究做一小结,同时介绍环境DNA在其他生境的应用,以期为水域生态的研究提供参考。
This review introduces the environmental DNA(eDNA)method which is a newly developed technique to monitor biodiversity.eDNA are free DNA molecules contained in the shedding of skin,feces,saliva,gametes,and secretions.Recently,eDNA has become a global research hotspot owing to its sensitivity,accuracy,and easy implementation.Above all,eDNA can monitor biodiversity and biomass in real-time.Owing to the highly complicated characteristics of aquatic ecology,eDNA methods play a considerable role on this area.This review summarized the eDNA application and methods in aquatic ecosystems,outlined some aspects requiring improvement,and suggested future developments and innovations for research.eDNA methods were mainly applied in three research areas,namely biodiversity analysis,biomass evaluation,and invasive and endangered species monitoring.Currently,eDNA used for biodiversity research has mostly relied on meta-barcoding technology.Examples of different meta-barcoding applications,such as microscopic eukaryotes and aquatic animals have been summarized,and further research directions suggested.Regarding biomass evaluation,most eDNA achievements and limitations in this area have been summarized.Invasive and endangered species monitoring is possibly the most successful eDNA application,and many examples have been summarized to provide a comparative basis for relative researchers.The superiority and limitation of eDNA methods have been summarized based on published articles and the results from our laboratory.Finally,prospective eDNA applications have been listed to specify direction for further studies.
作者
赵明
赵梦迪
马春艳
张凤英
蒋科技
王田
马凌波
ZHAO Ming;ZHAO Mengdi;MA Chunyan;ZHANG Fengying;JIANG Keji;WANG Tian;MA Lingbo(East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Shanghai 200090,China)
出处
《中国水产科学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第4期714-720,共7页
Journal of Fishery Sciences of China
基金
公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201303047)
中国水产科学研究院基本科研业务费专项(2013A11)
科技部科技基础性工作专项(2013FY110700)
