摘要
瓦氏眶灯鱼(Diaphus watasei)是深海虾拖网的主要副渔获物之一,对维持深海及陆坡生态系统的稳定性和多样性起到了重要作用。根据2015年6、8月及2017年3月在南海北部陆坡海域利用底层虾拖网及中层拖网采集的瓦氏眶灯鱼(Diaphus watasei)样品,对其生长、繁殖、摄食等生物学特性进行了初步研究。结果表明,瓦氏眶灯鱼的体长范围为71~172 mm,平均118 mm;体重范围为5.25~66.20 g,平均26.05 g。雌雄个体体长、体重均存在极显著性差异(ANOVA,P<0.01);总样本雌性体长与体重的关系式为:W♀=4×10^(-5)L^(2.7873)(R^2=0.9241,n=317),雄性体长和体重的关系式为:W♂=7×10^(-5)L^(2.6883)(R^2=0.9052,n=558)。雌雄性比为1:1.76,雄性明显多于雌性。性腺成熟度以II期为主,各月份均有性成熟个体,表明瓦氏眶灯鱼在全年多次产卵,其雌性初次性成熟体长L_(50%)为145.0 mm。瓦氏眶灯鱼摄食等级主要以1、2级为主,主要摄食安达曼钩腕乌贼(Abralia andamanica)、线小钩腕乌贼(Abraliopsis lineata)等头足类,同时还摄食七星底灯鱼(Benthosema pterotum)、尾明角灯鱼(Ceratoscopelus warmingii)等小型中层鱼及拟须虾(Aristaeomorpha foliacea)等甲壳类,有时也会摄食同类。瓦氏眶灯鱼主要生活在底层海域,除少部分未成熟个体外,基本不进行昼夜垂直迁移。瓦氏眶灯鱼个体规格大,数量多,且基本不进行垂直迁移,是研究南海深海及陆坡生态系统的重要种类。
Diaphus watasei is caught as one of the main by-catches by deep-sea shrimp trawl.This species plays an important role in maintaining the stability and diversity of ecosystems in the deep sea and continental slopes.Based on D.watasei samples collected by bottom-water shrimp trawl and mid-water trawl in the continental slope of the northern South China Sea in June and August 2015 and March 2017,the biological parameters of D.watasei viz.,growth,reproduction,and feeding habit,important in terms of fishery,were investigated.Body length ranged from 71 mm to 172 mm,with an average of 118 mm;body weight varied from 5.25 g to 66.20 g,and the mean weight was 26.26 g.The distribution of body length and weight presented significant differences(ANOVA,P<0.01)between females and males.Relationship between body length and weight was W♀=4×10^-5L2.7873(R^2=0.9241,n=317)for the females,and W♂=7×10^-5L2.6883(R^2=0.9052,n=558)for the males.The sex ratio was 1:1.76(female:male),and obviously,there were more males than females.Gonad samples of D.watasei appeared mainly to be at stage II;mature fishes were observed during the investigation,indicating March,June,and August to be the spawning months for D.watasei in the continental slope of the northern South China Sea.The body length of the female individuals at 50%maturity was estimated to be 145.0 mm.The feeding grades of D.watasei were mainly in 1 and 2 grades,and this species mainly fed on cephalopods such as Abralia andamanica and Abraliopsis lineata,and preyed on small-size mesopelagic fish including Benthosema pterotum,Ceratoscopelus warmingii,and crustaceans(e.g.Aristaeomorpha foliacea).D.watasei mainly live in the bottom of the sea,and generally do not perform normal diel vertical migrations;exceptions include a few immature individuals.Diaphus watasei is a large species of lantern fish,which has important ecological and economic value in the continental shelf and slope ecosystems,and investigations into their biology and ecology should be further strengthened in the future.
作者
龚玉艳
杨玉滔
孔啸兰
张俊
江艳娥
陈作志
晏磊
张魁
GONG Yuyan;YANG Yutao;KONG Xiaolan;ZHANG Jun;JIANG Yan’e;CHEN Zuozhi;YAN Lei;ZHANG Kui(Key Laboratory of Open-Sea Fishery Development,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs;South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Guangzhou 510300,China)
出处
《中国水产科学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第5期1091-1101,共11页
Journal of Fishery Sciences of China
基金
国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2014CB441500)
农业部财政专项项目(NFZX2013)
中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2016TS26).
关键词
瓦氏眶灯鱼
中层鱼
生物学特性
南海
Diaphus watasei
mesopelagic fish
fishery biology
South China Sea
