摘要
【目的】氯化钾和硫酸钾价格差异较大,在碱性土壤上比较氯化钾和硫酸钾及其施用时期对向日葵产量、品质的影响,为向日葵科学经济合理施用钾肥提供理论依据。【方法】于2014—2016年,在内蒙古河套灌区向日葵典型种植区进行了3年的钾肥品种和施用时期田间定位试验。供试钾肥为硫酸钾和氯化钾,施用量为K_2O 120 kg/hm^2。施用方式设100%基施(100%B)、50%基施+50%现蕾期追施(50%B+50%T)和25%基施+50%现蕾期追施+25%花期追施(25%B+50%T+25%T)三个处理,以不施钾肥为对照。向日葵收获后,调查了产量、产量性状及钾素吸收量,钾肥利用率,分析了向日葵籽实中粗脂肪、粗蛋白和主要脂肪酸的含量。【结果】向日葵施用钾肥显著增产。施硫酸钾增产10.4%,施氯化钾增产10.6%。钾肥的农学效率平均为3.08kg/kg。施用硫酸钾和氯化钾均显著增加籽实粗脂肪和粗蛋白含量,粗脂肪分别增加2.17%和2.74%,粗蛋白分别增加1.95%和2.45%,硫酸钾和氯化钾以及三种施用方式间均无显著差异。施用钾肥对向日葵的盘径、盘粒重、千粒重影响显著,其中对盘粒重和千粒重影响较大。施用钾肥后向日葵的吸钾量和吸钾效率显著增加,3年连续施用钾肥的利用率平均为47.7%,但各施钾处理之间没有显著差异。钾肥增加了向日葵籽实粗脂肪含量,主要是增加了向日葵籽实中不饱和脂肪酸比例达2.20%,钾肥不同品种和不同施用方式对其影响不显著。【结论】河套灌区向日葵种植中施用钾肥可以显著增加籽实产量,提高籽实蛋白质含量和油分含量。氯化钾和硫酸钾效果相当,全部钾肥一次基施的效果与基施加一次追施或两次追施的效果没有差异。综合考虑钾肥价格和劳动力投入,河套地区向日葵种植推荐选用氯化钾全部基施。
【Objectives】The research purpose is to compare the effect of potassium chloride and potassium sulfate application on yields and quality of sunflower,the research would provide the scientific support for cost effective potassium fertilizer application.【Methods】Fertilization experiments were carried out in Hetao irrigated area,Wuyuan County,Inner Mongolia from 2014 to 2016.Potassium chloride and potassium sulfate were used as potassium fertilizers and applied in rate of K2O 120 kg/hm2.Three application treatments were set up as 100%basal application(100%B),50%basal application+50%dressing in squaring stage(50%B+50%T)and 25%basal application+50%dressing in squaring stage+25%dressing at florescence(25%B+50%T+25%T),no potassium application was used as control.The sunflower yields and yield traits were investigated,the crude fat,protein and main fatty acid contents in sunflower seeds were analyzed,the K uptake and accumulation amount were determined,and the potassium fertilizer using efficiency were calculated.【Results】Application of K2SO4 and KCl increased the yields of sunflower by 10.4%and 10.6%,respectively.The contents of crude fat and crude protein in sunflower seeds were increased by 2.17%and 1.95%using K2SO4,and 2.74%and 2.45%using KCl,respectively.There were no significant differences in the sunflower seed yield and quality between K2SO4 and KCl and among the three application modes.Potash application significantly increased the flower dish sizes,thousand-seeds weights,dish weights,there were no significant differences between the two potassium fertilizers and among the three application modes.The K absorption was increased significantly and the average use efficiency of potassium fertilizers was 47.7%in the 3 experimental years.The average agronomy efficiency of potassium fertilizers was 3.08 kg/kg.The application of potassium fertilizer increased the crude fat contents in sunflower seeds,and the ratio of unsaturated fatty acid by 2.20%.There was no significant difference between different potash varietis and different application modes.【Conclusions】Application of potassium fertilizers is effective in increasing sunflower yields and oil quality in Hetao irrigation area.The effects are similar between the two potassium fertilizers,and the effects are the same among the application modes.Considering the potash price and the labor input,potassium chloride with once basal application is recommended in sunflower production in Hetao irrigation area.
作者
段玉
张君
安昊
景宇鹏
靳存旺
赵娜
李书田
DUAN Yu;ZHANG Jun;AN Hao;JING Yu-peng;JIN Cun-wang;ZHAO Na;LI Shu-tian(Institute of Resources Environment and Detection Technology,Inner Mongolia Academy of Agriculture&Animal Husbandry Sciences,Hohhot 010031,China;Wuyuan County Agricultural Technology Center in Bayannaoer City,Wuyuan,Inner Mongolia 015000,China;Bayannur Academy of Agriculture&Animal Husbandry Sciences,Bayannur,Inner Mongolia 015000,China;Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China)
出处
《植物营养与肥料学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第5期1349-1356,共8页
Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers
基金
国家特色油料产业技术体系(CARS-14)
国际植物营养研究所(IPNI)中国项目部资助
关键词
向日葵
河套灌区
硫酸钾
氯化钾
施用方式
产量
油分品质
sunflower
Hetao irrigation area
potassium sulfate
potassium chloride
method of application
yield
oil quality
