摘要
系统回顾了改革开放以来中国林业政策的演进过程,分析演变特征,解释变迁原因。依据中国林业政策的演变特征,改革开放以来的40年中国林业建设和发展大致可以分为资源保护与林业发展、生态建设和体制机制改革3个阶段;资源保护与林业发展阶段又可分为恢复发展、加强保护、可持续发展和林业投入政策初步建立4个时期;生态建设阶段又可分为进入以生态建设为主时期和进入生态建设新时期。从中得到变迁启示:未来,中国在林业政策制定方面,不能简单模仿其他产业政策,在兼顾各方利益的前提下,要尊重林业发展的特殊规律,突出强化国家所有权,充分发挥市场在林业资源配置方面的决定性作用,全面提升林业的生态效益、经济效益和社会效益。
⑴Background--This year marks the 40th anniversary of reform and opening up.China has made a series of major decisions and strategic arrangements on forestry development,which has effectively promoted the development of China s forestry and laid a solid foundation for the construction of ecological civilization.This paper summarizes and reviews the evolution of China s forestry policy since the reform and opening-up,analyzes its evolutionary characteristics,explains the reasons for its changes,finds out the general logic and law behind its changes,and makes corresponding judgments on the further evolution of forestry policy,which will be of certain reference value and significance to the modern construction of China s forestry governance system and governance capacity.⑵Methods--Data mainly come from the related statistics of 2016 China Forestry Statistical Yearbook,China Forest Resources Report,China Forestry Resources Report,China Forestry Development Report,Forestry Major Issues Investigation Report,China Forestry Informatization Development Report,China Forestry Network,China Ecological Civilization Network,Heilongjiang Forestry Department portal website and so on.The research mainly uses literature and theoretical research methods.Based on the collection,identification and collation of domestic and foreign literatures,historical archives and policy documents,the paper uses economic theories such as institutional economics and property rights economics to make a deep theoretical analysis of the evolutionary characteristics and enlightenment of China s forestry policy,thus revealing the path dependence of the institutional changes in the state-owned forest areas,and providing some useful enlightenment for the reconstruction and paradigm shift of state-owned forest areas in China.⑶Results--Reviewing the evolution of China s forestry policy during the 40 years of reform and opening up,it can be clearly seen that China s adjustment of forestry policy is very strong,its understanding of forestry development is gradually escalating,and the formulation of forestry policies is more scientific,showing obvious evolutionary,scientific and international characteristics.In addition,it should be noted that the game result between the state and the forestry economic subject is the main factor that determines the change of China s forestry policy.Although the governance system of China s state-owned forest region has gone through many changes and made some achievements,the achievements of the changes are difficult to consolidate.They have always been affected by the inertia of the initial system and the rules and regulations of the original governance system,and still have not completely escaped the shadow and fetters of the old system.⑷Conclusions and Discussions--Because forestry construction has unique operating rules such as long growth cycle,slow capital turnover,low profit margin,high risk,and strong social welfare,China can t simply imitate other industrial policy in formulating policy to regulate and control forestry development.It should strictly follow the rules of forestry development,take various factors into account such as ecology,society,and economy and so on,comprehensively and scientifically manage forest ecosystems,prominently strengthen state ownership,strengthen the top-level design,deepen the reform of mechanism of forestry system,respect the laws of market economy,and create a low transaction cost economic environment conducive to the development of forestry,allow the market to play a decisive role in the allocation of forestry resources,and comprehensively improve the forestry ecological benefit,economic benefit and social benefit,to finish the historical task of the state endowing state-owned forest areas with ecological protection,ensuring people s livelihood and promoting transformation.
作者
张壮
赵红艳
ZHANG Zhuang;ZHAO Hongyan(Economics Department,Qinghai Provincial PartySchool of Central Committee of C.P.C.,Xining 810001 China;Department of Philosophy and Social Science,Qinghai Provincial PartySchool of Central Committee of C.P.C.,Xining 810001 China)
出处
《林业经济问题》
北大核心
2018年第4期1-6,98,共7页
Issues of Forestry Economics
基金
国家社会科学基金项目(18BJY037)
青海省社会科学基金项目(18021)
关键词
林业政策
演变特征
变迁启示
forestry policy
evolutionary characteristics
enlightenment
