摘要
为了解北京市郊区典型奶牛舍秋季温热环境和空气质量状况,本试验分别测定了北京市郊区一典型泌乳牛舍内不同时间段(08:00～09:00,10:00～11:00,12:00～13:00,14:00～15:00,16:00～17:00,18:00～19:00)、不同位置(向阳面,背阴面,饲喂通道)的温热环境和空气环境指标。结果表明,泌乳牛舍内的温度、THI、风速随测量时间的变化先升高后降低,相对湿度先降低后升高;PM2.5、PM10、NH3、CO2浓度,在18:00～19:00时段升至最高,是一天中最低值的2.5倍、2.9倍、1.7倍和1.2倍。饲喂通道CO_2浓度极显著高于其他位置(P<0.01);舍内CO_2浓度极显著大于舍外(P<0.01),风速极显著小于舍外(P<0.01)。该类型的牛舍不同时间段不同位置的温度都在奶牛最适温度之内,牛舍内的空气质量指标测定值均符合畜禽舍环境空气质量标准的限值要求,说明北京市郊区典型半开放式牛舍秋季的温热环境和空气质量对奶牛影响很小,适合奶牛的生产。
In order to understand the thermal environment and air quality of typical barn in autumn in Beijing suburb.This study was conducted to measure the thermal environment indicators and air quality at different sampling times(08:00~09:00,10:00~11:00,12:00~13:00,14:00~15:00,16:00~17:00,18:00~19:00)and different positions of dairy barn for 7 continuous days.Results showed that,with the change of sampling time,the temperature,THI and wind speed increased first and then decreased,while the change of relative humidity had an opposite change.PM 2.5,PM 10,ammonia,carbon dioxide concentration at 18:00~19:00 increased to 2.5 times,2.9 times,1.7 times and 1.2 times the lowest value of the day.In addition,carbon dioxide concentration of feeding channel was greater than that in the other two positions(P<0.01).Compared with the outside,the inside had higher values of carbon dioxide(P<0.01),and lower values of wind speed(P<0.01).It was concluded that the temperature of different position and different time of this typical barn was within the optimum temperature of the cow.The measured values of air quality were lower than that of livestock and poultry houses air quality standards.It is shown that the thermal environment and air quality of the typical semi-open barn in autumn in Beijing are suitable for dairy cattle production.
作者
陈健
顾宪红
彭丹丹
李淦
CHEN Jian;GU Xian-hong;PENG Dan-dan;LI Gan(Institute of Animal Science,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100193)
出处
《中国奶牛》
2018年第10期1-5,共5页
China Dairy Cattle
基金
国家重点研发计划课题(2017YFD0502003
2016YFD0500507)
奶牛产业技术体系北京市创新团队项目(BAIC06-2018)
中国农业科学院科技创新工程(ASTIP-IAS07)
