摘要
海洋声学目标探测——这一覆盖甚广的研究领域,其具有多种研究思路和技术途径,而利用水声通信组网技术将主被动探测节点连接成水声探测网络,并对获取的多源信息进行融合,是海洋声学目标探测技术发展的重要途径之一。基于此,文中分别从被动探测技术、主动探测技术、水下通信组网和多源信息融合4个方面,对海洋声学目标探测技术的发展脉络进行梳理,介绍了相关理论方法的特点,指出了各自的优缺点,同时阐述了海洋声信道对目标探测的影响。最后,从以上4个方面对海洋声学目标探测技术的未来发展趋势进行了展望:被动探测技术从空域处理角度出发,将会朝着大孔径阵列的稳健阵列处理技术、新型传感器及其阵列的研制,以及信号处理与水声物理模型的充分结合这3个方面发展;主动探测技术则会继续发展低频大功率探测技术、多基地组网探测技术和新体制主动探测技术,同时智能化主动探测技术和生态友好型主动探测技术也将是其发展趋势;水下通信组网技术未来将侧重发展如何利用网络协议提高通信可靠性、跨介质组网协议、面向任务的网络资源调度以及标准化水声网络实验平台建设;多源信息融合探测技术则更多的是要进一步深入进行测量信息与信息间互补关系的建模研究。
Ocean acoustic target detection contains many different technological approaches.It is one of the important ways to the development of ocean acoustic target detection technology that underwater acoustic communication networking technology is adopted to connect active and passive detection nodes into underwater acoustic detection networks and to fuse the received multi-source information.This paper analyzes the development of ocean acoustic target detection technology with respect to four aspects-passive detection,active detection,underwater communication network,and multi-source information fusion,and introduces the characteristics of relevant theories and methods.Their advantages and disadvantages are discussed.And the influence of ocean acoustic channel on target detection is revealed.Moreover,the developing trends of the ocean acoustic target detection technologies are predicted from the above-mentioned four aspects:1)From the perspective of spatial processing,passive detection technology will develop towards robust array processing technology for large aperture arrays,new sensors and their arrays,and full combination of signal processing and hydroacoustic physical models;2)For active detection technology,low-frequency and high-power detection technology,multi-base network detection technology and new-system active detection technology will be continu ously developed,at the same time,intelligent active detection technology and eco-friendly detection technology will be the development trend;3)The future development of underwater communication networking technology will focus on making use of network protocols to improve communication reliability,cross-media networking protocols,task-oriented network resource scheduling,and on construction of standardized underwater acoustic network experimental platform;and 4)For multi-source information fusion detection technology,it is necessary to further conduct modeling research on the complementary relationship between measurement information and information.
作者
杨益新
韩一娜
赵瑞琴
刘雄厚
汪勇
YANG Yi-xin;HAN Yi-na;ZHAO Rui-qin;LIU Xiong-hou;WANG Yong(School of Marine Science and Technology,Northwestern Polytechnical University,Xi’an 710072,China)
出处
《水下无人系统学报》
北大核心
2018年第5期369-386,共18页
Journal of Unmanned Undersea Systems
基金
国家重点研发计划(2016YFC1400200)
关键词
声学目标探测
被动声呐
主动声呐
水声通信
信息融合
acoustic target detection
passive sonar
active sonar
underwater acoustic communication
information fusion
