摘要
礼是儒家文化中的重要范畴。儒学甚至被称作礼教。它的主要功能是区别人伦,从而建立具有结构性差异的统一体。它表现为恭敬和谦让。恭敬的原因乃是出于害怕。从本源来看,礼的产生有两个本源,即德性和教化。以孟子为代表的一派认为礼出自人性,其成员包括玄学以及后来的理学、心学,最终发展出性本论传统。以荀子为代表的一派强调礼出自教化,其拥趸者包括汉代儒学以及后来的理学和心学。性本论揭示了礼的存在自然性、自发性和必然性。教化论则揭示了礼产生的外在性和强制性。无论是性本论还是教化论,都无视个体性和平等性等现代礼学内涵。这是需要注意的地方。
Etiquette is an important category of Confucianism,which is defined as a sect of etiquette education.Confucian concept of etiquette is pregnant.Its principal function is to distinguish human kinds,which is able to establish an unequal but harmonious community.Its expression of deference is due to fright,instead of respect.There are two origins of for etiquette,human nature and education.Mencius is the representative of the school of nature theory which propounds that human nature is the origin of etiquette,while the other school which is represented by Xunzi claims that education is the real origin of etiquette.The former theory has revealed the necessity and spontaneity of the occurrence of etiquette.The latter theory has demonstrated the external and enforcement of the occurrence of etiquette.Neither of them has any real connection with modern concept of etiquette which is founded upon individuality and equality.
出处
《国际儒学论丛》
2016年第1期31-49,249,共20页
International Tribune of Confucian Studies
关键词
儒家
礼
人性
教化
个体性
Confucianism
Etiquette
Human Nature
Education
Individuality
