摘要
【目的】针对不同的土壤类型,筛选适宜的控释氮肥类型,为控释氮肥的高效施用以及冬小麦一次性施肥提供科学依据与技术支撑。【方法】基于2013—2016年多点的大田试验,设置对照(CON)、优化施肥处理(OPT)和6种不同类型的控释氮肥(A1、A2、B、C、D和E)处理,研究控释氮肥在不同地区(泰安、驻马店、德州、菏泽和石家庄)的应用效果,从作物养分吸收与土壤养分供应两方面研究和分析不同控释氮肥对小麦的增产效应。【结果】泰安砂姜黑土试验点A2、C、E的氮素释放规律与小麦生长需求较为吻合,且与OPT处理相比,3年平均冬前分蘖、最大分蘖和有效分蘖分别增加5.7%—14.7%、10.9%—22.2%和4.5%—6.0%,产量增加2.6%—4.6%。驻马店砂姜黑土3年平均结果表明,A2、C和E较OPT处理提高了氮肥表观回收率和氮素吸收,分别提高7.7%—11%和4.3%—5.3%。石家庄褐土上的结果发现,控释氮肥A2、D可以实现养分释放与小麦生长需求相同步,相比OPT处理,3年平均氮肥表观回收率、氮素吸收分别提高6.4%—26%、2.8%—12%,产量增加1.7%—5.6%。潮土(德州、菏泽)上的结果表明,与OPT处理相比,A2连续3年均能维持小麦高产;其他控释氮肥处理的应用效果年际间差异较大,随着试验的进行逐年稳定,2015—2016年,A2、C处理使德州和菏泽的小麦分别增产1.4%—8.3%和1.5%—4.8%;综合3年的结果,与OPT处理相比,A2、C具有比较稳定的增产趋势。【结论】控释氮肥的应用效果因土壤类型不同而不同,控释氮肥田间氮素释放与小麦氮素需求相匹配是促进小麦产量增加的关键。
【Objective】It is very important to investigate the suitable controlled-release fertilizer(CRF)for different soil types which can provide scientific basis and technical support for one-off application of CRF during wheat production.The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of CRF on wheat yield from the perspectives of wheat nutrient uptake and soil nutrient supplying.【Method】Field experiments were conducted at different experimental sites(TA,ZMD,DZ,HZ and SJZ)in three years(2013-2014,2014-2015 and 2015-2016).There were eight treatments:Control(CON),OPT and CRF(A1,A2,B,C,D and E)treatments.【Result】The field results at TA showed that treatments A2,C and E were benefit for improving wheat population and increasing grain yield because of the synchronization of nitrogen(N)release with N requirement.The average result of three years showed that,compared with OPT,the early winter tillers,the maximum tillers and the effective tillers of A2,C and E treatments improved 5.7%-14.7%,10.9%-22.2%and 4.5%-6.0%,respectively.The yield of A2,C and E treatments increased 2.6%-4.6%.The three-year results at ZMD showed that nitrogen recovery use efficiency(NRE)and total N uptake under A2,C and E treatments increased 7.7%-11%and 4.3%-5.3%than OPT treatment,respectively.The field results of SJZ showed that A2 and D synchronized N release with N requirement of wheat.The average results of three years showed that the NRE and total N uptake of A2 and D treatments increased by 6.4%-26%and 2.8%-12%,respectively,and the yield increased by 1.7%-5.6%compared with the OPT treatment.The results at DZ and HZ showed that A2 maintained high yield of wheat in three consecutive years compared with OPT.The application effect of other CRF treatments varied greatly from year to year,but with the implementation of the experiment,the application effect had been stable year by year.Compared with OPT treatment,the yield of A2 and C treatments at DZ and HZ in 2015-2016 improved 1.4%-8.3%and 1.5%-4.8%,respectively.Overall,A2 and C showed a steady trend of grain yield increase compared with OPT.【Conclusion】The application effect of CRF varied with soil type.The synchronization of N release in the field with N requirement of wheat was essential to improve yield.
作者
吴小宾
谭德水
林海涛
朱国梁
李子双
和爱玲
郭建华
刘兆辉
WU XiaoBin;TAN DeShui;LIN HaiTao;ZHU GuoLiang;LI ZiShuang;HE AiLing;GUO JianHua;LIU ZhaoHui(Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Wastes Matrix Utilization,Ministry of Agriculture/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,Jinan 250100,Shandong;Taian Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Tai’an 271000,Shandong;Dezhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Dezhou,253015 Shandong;Institute of Plant Nutrition,Agricultural Resources and Environment Science,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou 450002;Beijing Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture,Beijing 100097)
出处
《中国农业科学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第20期3863-3875,共13页
Scientia Agricultura Sinica
基金
国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201303103
201503130)
2017年度山东省博士后创新项目专项基金(201703051)
国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0201700)
国家小麦产业技术体系岗位科学家项目(CARS-03)
山东省重点研发计划(重大关键技术)(2016ZDJS08A02
2017CXGC0304)
山东省农业科学院青年英才培养计划
国家科技支撑计划(2015BDA23B0206)
关键词
控释氮肥
土壤类型
氮素需求
养分释放
时空匹配
controlled-release nitrogen fertilizers
soil types
nitrogen requirement
nutrient release
spatio-temporal matching
