摘要
构建应急避难场所适宜性评价模型,定量研究避难场所的适宜性是城市防灾减灾体系的重要组成部分。该文基于多源POI及遥感数据构建了基础信息数据库,在考虑街道完整性约束的条件下使用Voronoi图法划分避难场所的服务区,并预测各服务区内避难人口数;然后,根据安全性、有效性、可达性原则,构建避难所适宜性评价指标体系;最后,采用改进的灰色关联组合权重模型,探索福州市应急避难场所不同地震烈度下的适宜性。研究表明:1)改进的灰色关联组合权重模型考虑服务有效性随距离非线性衰减的效应,同时能够综合主观与客观权重方法的特点,简单易行且具有良好的适用性;组合权重结果符合预期,其中疏散道路宽度(0.029)、道路密度(0.0154)权重较小,避难所有效面积(0.189)、避难所坡度(0.154)权重较大;与距离相关的指标随地震烈度增长权重呈上升趋势。2)福州市避难所建设存在一定缺口,中心城区6级烈度下有效避难的区域占72.4%,7级、8级、9级烈度下有效避难区域分别占41%、24%、6.8%;避难缺口主要集中于抗震能力较差的建筑聚集区。3)避难所空间分布并不均衡,繁华商圈及老城区避难所分布密集,公共设施较为完善,综合评价结果较好;晋安区、仓山区、马尾区经济欠发达的区域,避难所规模较小,避难人口较多,可达性较差,综合评价结果较低。
Constructing the suitability evaluation model for emergency shelters plays an essential role in urban disaster prevention and mitigation system.In this paper,a basic database was firstly constructed using multiple source data derived from remote sensing and internet POI.The service areas of emergency shelters were defined using Voronoi map and street constraint,then the corresponding service population were calculated.Then the suitability index system of emergency shelters was built under the strategy of security,effectiveness and accessibility.Finally,the suitability of emergency shelters in Fuzhou under the scene of different earthquake intensity was explored based on the improved gray correlation model.The results show that:1)The improved gray correlation model can consider subjective and objective weight information as well as non-linear relationship between service validity and distance attenuation and presents a good performance.In addition,the result of combined weight method is more consistent with the real situation:the indexes of shelter area(0.189)and slope(0.154)are more important,followed by other indices,and road-width(0.029)and road-density(0.0154)have the minimum weight.The weights of the distance related indices grow with the increase of earthquake intensity.2)The capacity of emergency shelters could not meet the demand of the large population,the suitability percentage for seismic intensity of magnitude 6,7,8 and 9 correspond to 72.4%,41%,24%and 6.8%,and the vulnerable areas located at the residential communities with lower seismic resistance buildings.3)Shelters are not equally distributed where downtown and the old city districts are well assembled with sufficient public facilities and more intensive shelters.Otherwise,there are some regions in Cangshan,Jin′an and Mawei districts where the shelters are not enough to hold enough population,and the shelters have lower accessibility.Hence their comprehensive evaluations are at a low level.
作者
周玉科
刘建文
梁娟珠
ZHOU Yu-ke;LIU Jian-wen;LIANG Juan-zhu(Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101;Key Laboratory of Spatial Data Miningand Information Sharing of Ministry of Education,Spatial Information Research Center of Fujian Province,Fuzhou University,Fuzhou 350003,China)
出处
《地理与地理信息科学》
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第6期63-70,134,共9页
Geography and Geo-Information Science
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(41601478
41571391)
资源与环境信息系统国家重点实验室开放基金项目(2016)
中国科学院STS项目(KFJ-SW-STS-167)
国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0500103)
关键词
应急场所
距离衰减
组合权重
灰色关联分析
福州市
emergency shelter
distance attenuation
combination weight
gray correlation analysis
Fuzhou City
