摘要
大学是社会的公共文化教育机构,承担着培养人才、科学研究、社会服务等职能。近年来,大学出现了一些令人困惑的现象,突出地表现为重科研轻教学、开展生源争夺、追逐排名,等等。出现上述大学迷思的原因在于,大学是注重声誉的机构,大学之间的竞争实质上是声誉竞争,声誉追寻演化为过度声誉竞争,驱使一些大学偏重科研、争夺生源、追逐排名。走出大学迷思,需要诱致性制度变迁与强制性制度变迁相结合,以诱致性制度变迁为主,并且要实现大学教师和管理人员的观念更新,在文化-认知层面深入理解大学声誉的实质、人才培养的核心地位、教学与科研之间的内在联系。
Universities are public cultural-educational institutions,which perform the functions of teaching,research,and service.In recent years,there have been some confusing phenomena in the universities,demonstrated by over-emphasizing research while belittling teaching,competing for students of high grades,and chasing rankings,and so on.There is a widespread phenomenon in China’s universities that research is prioritized over teaching.Research is over-emphasized in faculty assessment,promotion,and meting out honors.The over-emphasis on research and the belittling of teaching resulted in the failure of improving education quality,the decline in the function of“value-adding”for student development,and the sacrifice of students’interests.Students are one of the core groups of the university,so the quality of students is of great significance to the success of the university.In recent years,competition for students of high grades has become increasingly fierce.Top universities compete for quality students,and ordinary colleges and universities compete for the scale of enrollments.The admissions office has become a core department at almost every university.Many universities regard students selectivity as more important than students training,and they do not place teaching in an important position as it should be.Competing for quality students is increasingly closely related to the fact that universities are influenced by rankings.In the field of higher education,competition is ubiquitous,and the result of competition is the formation of a hierarchy at home and around the world.One of the most striking demonstrations of higher education hierarchies is the university ranking,which is an important way for universities to display their strength to consumers,the public,and other stakeholders.In practice,since many universities are chasing rankings,rankings guided universities into a wrong direction:distorting education practices;over-emphasizing research and belittling teaching;expanding the gaps between universities;homogenizing universities and weakening features.Over-emphasizing research and belittling teaching,competing for quality students,chasing rankings,all are alienating higher education,reflecting the confusion and misunderstanding of the universities.Universities naturally pursues status and reputation,and is one of the organizations which value reputation the most.The reason for the above-mentioned perplexities is that universities are prestige-minded institutions.The competition between universities substantially is the competition for reputation,but the pursuit of and competition for reputation has evolved into an excessive one,which drives many universities to focus on research,compete for quality students,and chase rankings.Eliminating the perplexities and returning to rationality of universities requires the integration of bottom-up induced institutional changes and top-down imposed institutional changes.Because the university needs autonomy,and it has the characteristics of bottom-heavy and dispersive decision-making,the key to going out of the dilemma of over-emphasizing research and belittling teaching,competing for quality students,and chasing rankings are induced institutional changes.The system comprises regulatory elements,normative elements,and culturalcognitive elements.The deepest-level elements are cultural cognition-elements,that is,people have an intrinsic understanding of the institutions and consciously accept the institutions’beliefs and cultural framework.Whether the university can shake off the perplexities of over-emphasizing research and belittling teaching,competing for students,and chasing rankings,ultimately depends on the renewal of concepts,in-depth understanding on the part of faculty and administrators at the cultural-cognitive level of the essence of university reputation,the central position of education,and the relationship between research and teaching.
出处
《大学教育科学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2018年第6期4-12,119,共10页
University Education Science
基金
国家社会科学基金项目(教育学)国家一般课题"高等教育理论创新的条件
路径与方法研究"(BIA140108)
关键词
大学迷思
教学与科研关系
生源竞争
大学排名
perplexities of universities
research-teaching nexus
competition for quality students
university ranking
