摘要
系统梳理和总结了改革开放四十年来有关中国农村宅基地制度改革的研究进展及其学术贡献,并对今后的研究进行了展望。研究发现:(1)受现实问题和重大政策或法律的影响,四十年的学术探索大致呈现出六个研究阶段。(2)研究取得的共识性成果主要有二:一是普遍认同无偿无限期占用制度是农民滥占耕地建房以及与之相伴随的一户多宅、一户大宅、空心村等问题的制度性根源,对超占部分实行有偿使用是解决它的根本路径;二是在宅基地初始取得、利用过程管理、超占部分退出等基本问题上取得了相当一致的共识,但在具体路径和操作程序上则又有多种不同的思路和办法。(3)持续的学术争鸣是关于宅基地使用权应不应当突破本集体经济组织范围进行市场化流转;争论形成的原因是对下列问题持不同的看法:一是宅基地究竟是社会保障品还是一般性财产,拟或二者兼具?二是农民究竟会不会随意出卖宅基地?从而应不应当限制宅基地流转?今后学界还应继续推进两项研究:一是深入探索宅基地"三权"的权利关系及其具体实现形式;二是要在本轮试点改革行将收官之际,对所有试点地区的改革模式进行比较分析和理论提炼。
This paper systematically summarizes the research progress and academic contributions on the reform of rural homestead system in China in the past 40 years since the reform and opening-up,and looks forward to the future research.The results indicate:1)Under the influence of real problems and major policies(laws),the academic exploration of 40 years has roughly presented six research stages.2)Two consensuses have been reached:The academe widely agreed that free and indefinite occupation system is the institutional origin of some bad phenomena in rural areas.For example,lots of farmers illegally occupy farmland to build their houses and a series of questions have been along with it,such as“one household,multiple housing lands”,“one household,exceeding land occupation”and“vacant village”.For the exceeding part,implementing the requital usage system is a fundamental solution.On the other hand,another consensus has been reached in the problem of the initial acquisition system,usage management and exit of rural homestead.But there are many different ideas and methods in the specific path and operating procedures as well.3)The academic debate whether rural homestead-land-use-right should be allowed to transfer beyond the range of collective economic organization has lasted for years.There are different views on the following two questions which caused the dispute:The first one is whether the homestead is a social security product or a general property,or both?And the second one is that if the farmers are willing to sell their homesteads at will?So should the government protect the property for the farmers(restrict the circulation)?The next step is to promote two types of research based on previous studies:Firstly,keeping on exploring the relationship and the concrete implementation form of“three rights”of homestead;secondly,perform comparative analysis and theoretical refining the reform modes of all the pilot areas before the end of this round of pilot reform.
作者
陈胜祥
文志宇
CHEN Shengxiang;WEN Zhiyu(School of Finance,Jiangxi Normal University,Nanchang,Jiangxi 330022,China)
出处
《金融教育研究》
2018年第6期3-13,共11页
Research of Finance and Education
基金
国家社会科学基金一般项目"制度嵌入视角下试点地区农村宅基地制度改革模式的比较研究"(18BJY129)
江西省高校人文社科项目"农村闲置宅基地退出制度冲突研究--基于江西省余江县(试点县)的调查"(JJ1529)
江西省社会科学规划一般项目"三权分离背景下农村土地承包权研究"(15JL01)
关键词
农村宅基地制度改革
社会保障
财产权
改革开放四十年
文献综述
rural homestead system reform
social Security
property right
40 years since the reform and opening-up
literature review
