摘要
为探求苔藓植物在石漠化地区的生态修复意义,筛选出4种石漠化地区常见的苔藓,即美灰藓(Eurohypnum leptothallum)、小青藓(Brachythecium perminusculum)、双色真藓(Bryum dichotomum)和多疣细羽藓(Cyrto-hypnum pygmaeum),测定其生物量、饱和吸水率、根系密度、蒸腾速率和抗冲刷能力,并初次将该4种苔藓应用于石漠化修复的实践中,对其土壤酶活性进行了1年的跟踪监测。结果表明:(1)4种苔藓持水保水能力差异显著,其生物量由大到小依次为美灰藓>双色真藓>小青藓>多疣细羽藓;饱和吸水率最低的是多疣细羽藓(660.78±3.46)%,最高的是美灰藓(1 627.82±4.68)%。(2)双色真藓的蒸发速率最高可达6.63g/(kg·h),其水分更容易丧失;美灰藓蒸发速率为0.93g/(kg·h),水分较其他苔藓不易丧失。(3)4种苔藓的抗冲刷能力与其假根的根长密度、根重密度、生物量存在显著正相关关系,美灰藓在各组冲刷试验中表现出较强的抗冲刷性,可以有效减少土壤流失。(4)4种苔藓均可有效提高被培养土壤的酶活性。苔藓层生物量、抗冲刷强化值、假根根系密度与土壤脱氢酶、脲酶呈正相关关系。4种苔藓均具有较高的水土保持效益,其中美灰藓的表现更为显著,建议利用物种演替规律将苔藓应用于石漠化修复的实践中。
In order to explore the ecological restoration significance of bryophytes in rocky desertification areas,four common bryophytes(Eurohypnum leptothallum,Brachythecium perminusculum,Bryum dichotomum and Cyrto-hypnum pygmaeum)in rocky desertification areas were selected.The biomass,saturated water absorption,root density,transpiration rate,and anti-scour ability were measured.For the first time,these four bryophytes were applied to the practice of rocky desertification restoration,and their soil enzyme activities were tracked and monitored for one year.The results showed that the water holding capacity of the four bryophytes was significantly different.(1)The biomass of the four bryophytes was ranked as follows:E.leptothallum>B.dichotomum>B.perminusculum>C.pygmaeum.The lowest saturated water absorption was C.pygmaeum(660.78±3.46)%,and the highest was E.leptothallum(1627.82±4.68)%.(2)Bryum dichotomum showed that highest transpiration rate(6.63g/(kg·h))and was more easily to lose moisture,while E.leptothallum’s moisture was less likely to lose than other bryophytes as it showed the lowest transpiration rate(0.93g/(kg·h)).(3)There was a significant positive correlation between anti-erosion ability and root length density,root weight density and biomass.Eurohypnum leptothallum showed strong erosion resistance in each set of scouring experiments and could effectively reduce soil loss.(4)All four bryophytes could effectively increase the enzyme activity of the cultured soil.The bryophyte biomass,anti-erosion enhancement,and pseudo root density were positively correlated with soil dehydrogenase and urease activity.All four kinds of bryophytes had high water and soil conservation benefits,and the benefit of E.leptothallum was more pronounced.It is recommended to use bryophyte in rocky desertification repair practices by using species succession rules.
作者
刘润
申家琛
张朝晖
LIU Run;SHEN Jiachen;ZHANG Zhaohui(Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Area and Protection of Ecological Environment of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001;State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Karst Mountain Ecology Environment of Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550001)
出处
《水土保持学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第6期141-148,共8页
Journal of Soil and Water Conservation
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(31360043
31760050)
关键词
石漠化
苔藓
水土保持
生态修复
rocky desertification
bryophytes
soil and water conservation
ecological restoration
