摘要
外泌体(exosome)是通过细胞内多泡体与细胞膜融合产生的纳米级细胞外膜泡,广泛分布在血清、尿液、唾液和其他生物液体中。外泌体作为细胞间通信和遗传物质的重要转移载体,可通过受体介导的相互作用或通过各种生物活性分子(如细胞膜受体、蛋白质、mRNA和miRNA)的转移直接刺激靶细胞,从而发挥其生物学功能。文章主要综述了外泌体内含蛋白质和miRNA的功能及外泌体在临床中的应用。外泌体内蛋白质和miRNA的功能包括生理状态下诱导机体免疫、递呈抗原、参与细胞间信号传导;病理状态下改变肿瘤微环境、促进癌细胞增殖、侵袭、加快血管生成、促进癌症发展;以及某些病毒可将其组分包装、整合到外泌体中来实现细胞间传播,或劫持外泌体,实现免疫逃避。作者主要介绍了其作为肺癌、乳腺癌、胰腺癌及结直肠癌等多种癌症早期诊断的生物性标志物,以及作为稳定性高、转运效率高、靶向性强的药物载体在临床中的应用。
Exosome is a nanoscale extracellular vesicle produced by fusion of intracellular multive-sicular bodies with cell membranes.They are widely distributed in serum,urine,saliva and other biological fluids.As an important transfer vector for intercellular communication and genetic material,exosomes can directly stimulate target cells through receptor-mediated interactions or through the transfer of various biologically active molecules such as cell membrane receptors,proteins,mRNAs and miRNAs,thereby exerts its biological functions.The article mainly reviews the functions of proteins and miRNAs in exosomes and the clinical application of exosomes.The functions of proteins and miRNAs in exosomes include inducing immunity,presenting antigens,and participating in intercellular signaling under physiological conditions;Changing the tumor microenvironment under pathological conditions,promoting cancer cell proliferation,invasion,accelerating angiogenesis,and promoting cancer development;Certain viruses can package and integrate their components into exosomes to achieve intercellular transmission,or hijack exosomes for immune evasion.Exosome in the clinical should mainly introduce its biological markers for early diagnosis of various cancers such as lung cancer,breast cancer,pancreatic cancer and colorectal cancer,as well as high stability,high transport efficiency and strong targeting drug carrier is used for treatment.
作者
杨金鑫
王海军
赵永坤
裴志花
孙明洁
王开
胡桂学
YANG Jinxin;WANG Haijun;ZHAO Yongkun;PEI Zhihua;SUN Mingjie;WANG Kai;HU Guixue(College of Animal Science and Technology,Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China;Wildlife Ambulance Breeding Center of Jilin Province , Changchun 130122, China;Military Veterinary Research Institute of Academy of Military Medical Sciences , Changchun 130122, China)
出处
《中国畜牧兽医》
CAS
北大核心
2018年第12期3608-3613,共6页
China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine
基金
"十三五"国家重点研发项目子课题(2017YFD0501703)
