摘要
为了研究开垦对沼泽湿地中土壤盐渍化特征的影响,以天津大黄堡沼泽湿地为研究对象,分析土壤剖面盐渍化特征及其对长期农业开垦的响应.土壤剖面分7层采样:0～5、5～10、10～20、20～30、30～50、50～70、70～100 cm,测定土壤的酸碱度、电导率、阴离子(Cl^-、SO_4^(2-)、CO_3^(2-)、HCO_3^-)含量、阳离子(Na^+、K+、Ca2+、Mg^(2+))含量、土壤水溶性盐分总量等指标.结果表明:沼泽湿地各层土壤均为微碱性土壤,且pH值随着土层深度的增加而增加;电导率和含盐量均为在0～5 cm土层最高,在下层土壤没有显著波动;在盐渍化分类上,0～10 cm土层为硫酸盐型,10～100 cm土层为氯化物-硫酸盐型和硫酸盐-氯化物型;土壤盐分离子以Na^+、Cl^-和SO_4^(2-)为主.长期农业开垦后,土壤pH值显著增加,尤其是在表层;浅层土壤(0～50 cm)的电导率和含盐量没有显著变化,而深层土壤(50～100 cm)的电导率和含盐量显著降低;土壤盐渍化类型主要为氯化物-硫酸盐型和硫酸盐-氯化物型;土壤阴阳离子组成发生改变,0～30 cm土层的Cl^-比例增加,而SO_4^(2-)比例降低,10～100 cm土层CO_3^(2-)比例增加;70～100 cm土层的K+比例显著增加.长期开垦显著影响了盐分离子间的相关性,特别是增加了Cl^-与Na^+和HCO_3^-的相关性,降低了Cl^-与Mg^(2+)、K+、Ca2+、SO_4^(2-)、CO_3^(2-)的相关性,表明Cl^-与Na^+迁移性相似,Mg^(2+)、K+、Ca2+和SO_4^(2-)迁移性相似.长期开垦降低了20～100 cm土层的钠吸附比和碱化度,但增加了50～100 cm土层残余碳酸钠的含量.总的来看,开垦降低了沼泽湿地土壤的盐渍化程度,特别是钠的危害.
In order to explore the influence of reclamation on the soil salinization characteristics of marsh wetland,the profile characteristics of saline soil and the response to long-term agricultural reclamation were analyzed in the Dahuangpu marsh wetland in Tianjin.Soil profiles were sampled in seven layers:0-5,5-10,10-20,20-30,30-50,50-70,70-100 cm.The pH,conductivity,anion contents(Cl-、SO4 2-、CO3 2-、HCO^3-),cation contents(Na^+、K^+、Ca^2+、Mg^2+)etc.were measured.The results showed that the soil of marsh wetland is micro-alkaline,and the pH increased with the increase of the depth of soil layers.The conductivity and salinity of marsh wetland were the highest in 0-5 cm,and there was no significant fluctuation in the deeper soil.In the classification of salinization,the soil of marsh wetland at the 0-10 cm depth was sulfate type,and the soil of marsh wetland at the 10-100 cm depth was chloride-sulfate type and sulfacte-chloride type.The salt ions in the wetland were mainly Na^+,Cl-and SO4 2-.After long term agricultural reclamation,the soil pH increased significantly,especially in the surface layer,the conductivity and salinity of shallow soil(0-50 cm)did not change significantly,and the conductivity and salinity of deep soil(50-100 cm)decreased significantly.The main types of soil salinization in farmland were chloride-sulfate type and sulfate-chloride type.The composition of soil anion and cation changed in farmland.In 0-30 cm soil layer,the proportion of Cl-increased and the proportion of SO4 2-decreased with the increase of soil depth.The propor-tion of CO3 2-and K^+increased with the increase of depth in 10-100 cm and 70-100 cm soil layers respectively.Longterm reclamation significantly influenced the relationship between salt ions,especially increased the correlation between Cl-and Na^+,HCO^3-,and decreased the correlation between Cl-and Mg^2+,K^+,Ca^2+,SO4 2-,CO3 2-.It showed that the mobility of Cl-and Na^+was similar,and the mobility of Mg^2+,K^+,Ca^2+and SO4 2-was similar.Long-term reclamation reduced the sodium adsorption ratio and basicity of the 20-100 cm depth,but significantly increased the residual sodium carbonate content of 50-100 cm.These results indicated that reclamation reduced soil salinization degree,especially the hazard of sodium.
作者
毕琳
郭长城
尚云涛
张志罡
宋莉群
朱源山
李媛媛
陈清
王义东
王中良
BI Lin;GUO Changcheng;SHANG Yuntao;ZHANG Zhigang;SONG Liqun;ZHU Yuanshan;LI Yuanyuan;CHEN Qing;WANG Yidong;WANG Zhongliang(Tianjin Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China;School of Geographic and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China)
出处
《天津师范大学学报（自然科学版）》
CAS
北大核心
2018年第6期49-57,共9页
Journal of Tianjin Normal University：Natural Science Edition
基金
天津市应用基础与前沿技术研究计划资助项目(15JCYBJC49200)
天津市创新人才推进计划重点领域创新团队资助项目
关键词
土壤盐分
长期开垦
大黄堡
土壤盐渍化
沼泽湿地
soil salt
long-term reclamation
Dahuangpu
soil salinization
marsh wetland
