摘要
关于"臭"由气味义缩小为臭味义的完成时间及演变原因,学界有不同的看法。我们采用定量分析与定性分析相结合的方法,发现战国末期开始出现"臭"表恶臭义的用例,东汉时期,"臭"的恶臭义已经成为其主导义位。"臭"的词义演变与"香"的变化密切相关,是词义互相影响、共同发展的结果:由于"香"由谷物熟后的气味演变为了芳香的气味,"香""臭"从上下位关系变成了具有反义关系的同位词;东汉时期,"修饰或限定成分+香"式偏正复合词表示各种不同香气的用法已经大量出现,在类推机制的作用下,到南北朝时期,表示各种不同的臭气也开始采用此种格式。"臭""香"的词义演变导致"气味"概念域的词汇系统发生了显著变化,一是其层级结构由两级变为了三级;二是偏正式复合词取代单音词成为表达各类下位气味概念的主要形式。
In the academic circle,there are different views on the finished time of and the reason for"chou"changing from the meaning of odour to the one of foul smell. By use of the methods of quantitative and qualitative analyses,it is found that there appeared the use case of"chou"having the meaning of foul smell at the end of the Warring States period,and the meaning became the dominant sememe in the Eastern Han Dynasty. The semantic change of"chou"was closely related to the one of"xiang",which was the result of mutual influence and common development of meaning. The meaning of "xiang"evolved from the smell of cooked grain to a fragrant one,so "xiang"and "chou"changed from hyponymy to allomorph with opposite meanings.In the Eastern Han Dynasty,there appeared the subordinate compounds of "modifier or determinant plus‘xiang’"indicating various kinds of fragrance in large numbers. Under the influence of analogy mechanism,various expressions of foul smell began to adopt this format during the Northern and Southern Dynasties. The evolution of the meaning of"chou"and"xiang"has led to a significant change in the lexical system of"odour"conceptual domain. First,the hierarchical structure has changed from two levels to three ones. Second,the subordinate compounds have replaced the monosyllabic words and become the main form of expressing the concept of various subordinate odours.
作者
贾燕子
JIA Yanzi(School of Liberal Arts,Minnan Normal University,Zhangzhou 363000,China)
出处
《鲁东大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
2019年第1期34-39,共6页
Ludong University Journal:Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition
基金
中国博士后基金第56批面上资助项目"汉语单音词语义层级转移的历时研究"(2014M561741)
教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目"汉语基本词汇历史演变研究"(16JJD740015)
福建省社科规划一般项目"定名学和符意学视角的汉语常用词演变研究"(FJ2017B116)
闽南师范大学科研基金资助项目"汉语常用词的跨域演变研究"(MS201705)
关键词
臭
香
词义演变
“气味”概念域
词汇系统
chou(臭)
xiang(香)
semantic change
"odour"conceptual domain
lexical system
