摘要
目的了解浙江省农村环境卫生状况和居民夏季腹泻发病情况,为改善农村环境卫生和预防控制居民腹泻发病提供依据。方法采用分层随机抽样方法,按浙江省地理位置从东、中、西3个范围各抽取5~6个县(市、区)作为调查县,从每个调查县各抽取5个乡镇(不含城关镇),每个乡镇各抽取4个行政村作为现场调查点,从每个调查点抽取5户家庭,每户抽取1名家庭成员(户主或家庭主妇)进行调查。通过查阅资料、访谈、问卷调查、现场观察和实验室检测等方法获取农村环境卫生状况和居民夏季腹泻情况,采用Logistic回归模型分析居民夏季腹泻的影响因素。结果共调查2 000户家庭,近2周有108户家庭发生腹泻,家庭腹泻发生率为5.40%。家庭垃圾丢弃至垃圾箱/池1 828户,占91.40%;生活污水有组织排放1 926户,占96.30%;厨房内有蟑螂成若虫768户,占38.40%;有活卵鞘404户,占20.20%;有蟑迹592户,占29.60%;有鼠迹564户,占28.20%;有苍蝇1 206户,占60.30%;房屋周围有病媒孳生地1 314户,占65.70%;有卫生厕所1 944户,占97.20%。家庭饮水习惯主要为喝开水1 915户,占96.57%。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,厨房发现鼠迹(OR=2.026,95%CI:1.362~3.013)是农村居民夏季腹泻的危险因素;喝开水是农村居民夏季腹泻的保护因素(OR=0.272,95%CI:0.091~0.811)。结论农村居民夏季腹泻发病与居住环境卫生状况和家庭卫生习惯有关,注重厨房卫生和喝开水对预防夏季腹泻有一定作用。
Objective To understand the status of rural environmental sanitation and summer diarrhea among rural residents in Zhejiang Province,and to provide evidence for improvement of rural environmental sanitation and prevention and control of summer diarrhea.Methods The stratified random sampling method was used.Five or six counties each were selected from the east,middle and west of Zhejiang Province;five townships(excluded Chengguan Town) were selected from each selected county;four villages were selected as field survey points from each township;five households were selected from each survey point;one family member(householder or housewife) was selected from each selected household.The information about the environmental sanitation status and prevalence of summer diarrhea were obtained by literature review,interviews,questionnaire suvey,field investigation and laboratory tests.Logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors for occurrence of summer diarrhea among rural residents.Results There were 2000 households surveyed.In the past two weeks,108 households had families with diarrhea and the prevalence of diarrhea was 5.40%.A total of 1828 households disposed the household waste in the garbage bins or pools,accounting for 91.40%.There were 1926 households with organized sewage discharge,accounting for 96.30%.There were 768 households with nymphs found in the kitchen,accounting for 38.40%;404 households with live egg sheaths found,accounting for 20.20%;592 households with cockroach traces found,accounting for 29.60%;564 households with rat traces found,accounting for 28.20%;and 1206 households with flies found,accounted for 60.30%.There were 1314 households with disease vectors around the house,accounting for 65.70%.There were 1944 household with sanitary toilets,accounting for 97.20%.A total of 1915 households had habits of drinking boiled water,accounting for 96.57%.The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that rat traces found in the kitchen (OR=2.026,95%CI:1.362-3.013) were a risk factor for summer diarrhea in rural residents,while drinking boiled water (OR=0.272,95%CI:0.091-0.811) was a protective factor.Conclusion The sanitary environment and family health habits of rural residents were related to the prevalence of diarrhea in summer.Paying attention to kitchen hygiene and drinking boiled water could prevent summer diarrhea.
作者
陈媛
伍立志
徐沛维
陈卫中
何升良
陈志健
CHEN Yuan;WU Li-zhi;XU Pei-wei;CHEN Wei-zhong;HE Sheng-liang;CHEN Zhi-jian(Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Hangzhou,Zhejiang 310051,China)
出处
《预防医学》
2019年第2期109-112,118,共5页
CHINA PREVENTIVE MEDICINE JOURNAL
基金
浙江省医药卫生适宜技术成果转化计划(2015ZHA004)
关键词
腹泻
农村
环境卫生
卫生习惯
Diarrhea
Rural areas
Environmental sanitation
Sanitary habits