摘要
为明确贵州黔东南州番茄中农药残留膳食摄入风险和现有农药最大残留限量(maximum residue limits,MRL)标准对消费者的保护水平,采用国家估计每日摄入量和国家估计短期摄入量对儿童和一般人群进行农药残留膳食摄入风险评估,用现有农药MRL标准的理论最大每日摄入量和理论最大短期摄入量对消费者的保护水平进行评估,并利用风险排序矩阵对检出农药进行风险排序。结果表明:番茄中共检出26种农药,检出率为2%～20%;4种农药残留超标,超标率为2%～4%。在儿童和一般人群中,氟虫腈慢性膳食摄入风险分别为459%和214%,其他农药慢性膳食摄入风险范围分别为0.008 40%～23.7%和0.003 92%～11.0%。儿童和一般人群的急性膳食暴露风险范围分别在0.015 6%～56.0%和0.006 85%～24.6%之间。农药MRL标准对儿童的慢性风险保护水平(consumer protection level for chronic dietary risk,CPL_c)为0.304～60.9,急性风险保护水平(consumer protection level for acute dietary risk,CPL_a)为0.462～153;现有农药MRL标准对一般人群的CPL_c为0.652～130,CPL_a为1.05～349。高风险农药氟虫腈对各类消费者均存在不可接受的慢性风险,除此之外其他农药残留的慢性风险和所有农药残留的急性风险均在可接受范围之内。丙溴磷和百菌清MRL标准对不同年龄阶段消费者慢性风险的保护均未达到可接受水平,异菌脲MRL标准对4～6岁儿童急性风险的保护未达到可接受水平。因此,贵州黔东南州番茄应重点关注丙溴磷、百菌清、异菌脲以及氟虫腈等高风险农药。
The aim of this study was to ascertain the health risk of pesticide residues through the consumption of tomatoes from Qiandongnan, Guizhou and the level of consumer protection of the existing maximum residue limits (MRLs). The risk assessment of pesticide residues in children and the general population was carried out based on the national estimated daily intake and national estimated short-term intake, and the level of consumer protection was assessed based on the theoretical maximum daily intake and theoretical maximum short-term intake. Besides, the matrix ranking was employed to rank the risk of pesticides in tomatoes. The results showed that a total of 26 pesticides in all tomatoes were detected with a detection rate of 2%-20%; of these, 4 exceeded their MRLs, which was found in 2%-4% of the samples. The chronic dietary intake risks of all pesticides except for fipronil (459% and 214%) expressed as percentage relative to the acceptable daily intake were 0.008 40%-23.7% and 0.003 92%-11.0% for children and the general population, respectively, and the acute dietary intake risks expressed as percentage to the acute reference dose were 0.015 6%-56.0% and 0.006 85%-24.6%, respectively, for children and adults. The levels of consumer protection against chronic and acute dietary intake risks were 0.304-60.9 and 0.462-153 for children, and 0.652-130 and 1.05-349 for the general population, respectively. Fipronil was a highly hazardous pesticide that may cause unacceptable chronic dietary intake risk for all consumers. In addition, both chronic and acute risk levels were within an acceptable limit. The level of consumer protection of the MRLs was unacceptable against chronic dietary intake risk of profenofos and chlorothaloni for all consumers and against acute dietary intake risk of iprodione for children. Therefore, more attention should be paid to the pesticides with high risk profenofos, chlorothalonil, iprodione and fipronil in tomatoes from Qiandongnan, Guizhou.
作者
何洁
刘文锋
胡承成
王微
杨梅
汪俭
HE Jie;LIU Wenfeng;HU Chengcheng;WANG Wei;YANG Mei;WANG Jian(Qiandongnan Agricultural Products Quality and Safety Testing Center,Kaili 556000,China)
出处
《食品科学》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第1期202-208,共7页
Food Science
关键词
番茄
农药
风险评估
最大残留限量
tomato
pesticide
risk assessment
maximum residue limit
