摘要
非结构性碳水化合物(non-structural carbohydrates, NSC)对植物代谢、返青和再生等生命活动具有重要作用,其在植物体内的动态变化,可指导草地放牧、刈割及退化草地修复等草地管理实践。本研究于2015年7月–2016年9月以内蒙古呼伦贝尔草甸草原5种豆科植物[扁蓿豆(Mellissitus ruthenica)、斜茎黄芪(Astragalus adsurgens)、多叶棘豆(Oxytropis myriophylla)、山野豌豆(Vicia amoena)和狭叶野豌豆(V.sepium)]为研究对象,测定植物地上部、茎基部和根部的非结构性碳水化合物可溶性糖和还原糖含量,探讨年度、季节和物种对植物碳水化物合物的影响。结果显示,不同物种在不同年度间贮藏可溶性糖和还原糖含量差异较大,极度干旱条件下植物根部可溶性糖含量显著降低(P<0.05)。2016年4–9月,山野豌豆地上部可溶性糖和还原糖含量分别为1.01%～7.04%和0.54%～6.73%,高于其他植物;狭叶野豌豆茎基部可溶性糖和还原糖含量大于其他植物,分别为1.12%～10.06%和0.52%～2.69%;多叶棘豆根部可溶性糖含量和狭叶野豌豆根部还原糖含量高于其他植物,分别为1.68%～7.62%和0.46%～2.98%。植物增加根部的贮藏碳水化合物,可提高耐牧性,呼伦贝尔草甸草原放牧期应在6月底至9月初,干旱年份利用草地时,应采取降低载畜率、延迟放牧及提前休牧等管理措施,8月收获干草有利于草地的可持续利用。
Non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) play important roles in plant metabolism, regreening, and regrowth. The dynamic changes in NSC in perennial species are good indicators of grazed, mowed, and restored grassland. In this study, we examined the soluble sugar and reducing sugar contents in the shoots, stem bases, and roots of five legume species (Mellissitus ruthenica, Astragalus adsurgens, Oxytropis myriophylla, Vicia amoena, and V. sepium) in Hulunbeier meadow steppe from July 2015 to September 2016. The results showed that the soluble sugar and reducing sugar contents differed in different species and years, with the soluble sugar content in the roots of the five legume species being significantly reduced during extreme drought conditions (P < 0.05). From April through September in 2016, the maximal values of soluble sugars and reducing sugars in the shoots of V. amoena were 1.01%~7.04% and 0.54%~6.73%, respectively, whereas the contents of these sugars in the stem base were highest in V. sepium at 1.12%~10.06% and 0.52%~2.69%, respectively. Soluble sugar content in the roots of O. myriophylla and reducing sugar content in the roots of V. sepium were 1.68%~7.62% and 0.46%~2.98%, respectively, which were higher than those in the other species. Increased storage carbohydrate in plant roots can improve the resistance to grazing. Commencement and termination of livestock grazing should be late June and early September, respectively, in the Hulunbeier meadow steppe. Suitable management practices include reducing stocking rate, deferring grazing, and discontinuing grazing earlier during drought years. In addition, to promote sustainable grassland utilization, hay production should take place in the middle of August.
作者
孙伟
杨合龙
王开丽
肖红
戎郁萍
SUN Wei;YANG Helong;WANG Kaili;XIAO Hong;RONG Yuping(College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China)
出处
《草业科学》
CAS
CSCD
2019年第1期216-225,共10页
Pratacultural Science
基金
国家重点研发计划"典型脆弱生态修复与保护研究"(2016YFC0500603)
关键词
扁蓿豆
斜茎黄芪
多叶棘豆
山野豌豆
狭叶野豌豆
还原糖
可溶性糖
Mellissitus ruthenica
Astragalus adsurgens
Oxytropis myriophylla
Vicia amoena
Vicia sepium
soluble sugar
reducing sugar
