摘要
为明确黄河上游干流不同区间径流、泥沙的时空变化特征,采用Mann-Kendall检验法、Spearman秩相关系数法、累积距平法和小波变换等方法分析黄河上游干流唐乃亥至头道拐区间10个水文站1950—2012年的水沙变化与水沙关系特征。黄河上游干流大部分水文站的径流量和输沙量具有较好的正相关关系。各站年径流量和年输沙量在60余年间均呈现减少趋势,且大部分站点减少趋势显著。年径流量和年输沙量突变年份多发生在1968年、1985年、1986年和1989年。月径流量和月输沙量具有0. 5～1、3～5和7～9年的振荡周期。上游自上至下各站点代际径流量表现为先增大再减少的趋势,输沙量表现为逐渐增大的趋势。黄河唐乃亥至头道拐区间水沙减少趋势显著,大型水利工程建设、宁蒙灌区灌溉引用水、水土保持措施等是上游水沙变化的主要原因。
[ Background ] Climate change and intensive human activities have greatly altered the terrain landscapes, and further resulted in significant changes in hydrological processes throughout the world. In recent years, changes of the ecological environment in the upper reaches of the Yellow River have affected the life of downstream public due to natural and human factors. The objective of this study is to quantify the spatial and temporal variation of runoff and sediment load in the upper reaches of the Yellow River and their potential causes. Better understanding of the variations of runoff and sediment load is greatly helpful for soil and water conservation, water resources planning and Yellow River basin management.[ Methods ] This study systematically analyzed the variations of runoff and sediment load in the upper reaches of the Yellow River from 1950 to 2012 based on the observed data from 10 hydrological stations with some hydrological statistical methods. The non-parametric Mann-Kendall test and Spearman’s rank correlation test were utilized to characterize the trends of hydrologic variables in the upper reaches of the Yellow River. The accumulative annual anomaly and wavelet transform method were applied to evaluate the abrupt changes and periodic characteristics of runoff and sediment load over the study period.[ Results ] 1) Both multi-year average runoff and sediment load showed decreasing trends over the past 6 decades at 10 hydrological stations from Tangnaihai to Toudaoguai in the upper reaches of the Yellow River, and reducing trend in the most of stations was significant ( P <0.01), while the changes at the Tangnaihai hydrological station did not display a significant trend. 2) The multi-year average runoff and sediment load were positively correlated, although both exhibited reduction trends. 3) The abrupt change points of annual runoff and sediment load occurred in 1968, 1985, 1986 and 1989, which were strongly related to the operation of large reservoirs Longyangxia and Liujiaxia. 4) The wavelet transform of monthly runoff and sediment load at 10 hydrological stations showed 0.5-1, 3-5, and 7-9 years periodical fluctuation. The significant wavelet spectrum of runoff and sediment load was mainly detected before 1970s or 1990s with a period of 0.5-1 years at confidence level of 95%, but later the periodicity features became more and more insignificant and even disappeared. 5) The average annual runoff showed increasing-decreasing shift from upstream to downstream stations, while the annual sediment load had stepwise increasing trend. The average runoff and sediment load after the 1990s were lower than the multi-year average, indicating that the runoff and sediment load in the upper reaches of the Yellow River decreased significantly in recent years.[ Conclusions ] Both annual runoff and sediment load from Tangnaihai to Toudaoguai hydrological stations showed significantly decreasing trends. The major cause resulting in the reduction of runoff and sediment load in the upper reaches of the Yellow River were large water conservancy project, irrigation, and soil and water conservation measures on some tributaries.
作者
许文龙
赵广举
穆兴民
高鹏
孙文义
XU Wenlong;ZHAO Guangju;MU Xingmin;GAO Peng;SUN Wenyi(State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, 712100, Yangling, Shaanxi, China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China;State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, Shaanxi, China)
出处
《中国水土保持科学》
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第6期38-47,共10页
Science of Soil and Water Conservation
基金
中国科学院A类战略性先导科技专项"泛第三极环境变化与绿色丝绸之路建设"(XDA20040202)
国家重点研发计划"黄河流域水沙多时空演变及其分异规律"(2016YFC0402401)
黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室培育项目"黄河水沙多时空演变及驱动机制"(A314021403-Q2)
关键词
径流量
输沙量
水沙变化
黄河上游
runoff
sediment load
variation of runoff and sediment
the upper reaches of the Yellow River
