摘要
目的为麻疹、风疹疫情提供准确的临床诊断依据,为进一步制订合川区的麻疹、风疹防治策略提供依据。方法用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)捕捉法对麻疹、风疹疑似病例的血清标本进行IgM抗体检测,用实时荧光定量PCR法对麻疹、风疹疑似病例的咽拭子进行病毒RNA核酸检测。结果 2014-2017年共检测麻疹、风疹疑似病例的血清标本IgM抗体233例,其中麻疹IgM抗体阳性42例(18.0%),RNA核酸阳性47例(20.2%);风疹IgM抗体阳性27例(11.6%),RNA核酸阳性58例(24.9%)。发病特征:麻疹2～7月高发(59.5%),3岁以下年龄组易感染,占阳性总数的54.8%;风疹4～7月(40.7%)和12月(29.6%)高发,9个月至3岁年龄组易感染,占阳性总数的14.8%。结论实时荧光定量PCR法阳性率高于ELISA,进行麻疹/风疹检测时应通过对发病早期咽拭子标本核酸检测来提高监测的及时性。加强计划免疫管理,开展查漏补种和成人的强化免疫,做好疫情监测,达到控制和消除合川区麻疹、风疹流行的目的。
Objective To provide the accurately diagnostic basis for the epidemic situation of measles,rubella,etc.and to provide a basis for further formulating the strategy of measles and rubella prevention and treatment in Hechuan District.Methods The enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was used to detect IgM antibody in serum samples of suspected cases of measles and rubella.The real time fluorescent quantitative PCR was used to detect viral RNA nucleic acid in throat swabs of measles and rubella suspected cases.Results The IgM antibodies were detected in serum samples from 233 cases of suspected measles and rubella during 2014-2017,in which 42 cases(18.0%)were positive for measles IgM,47 cases(20.2%)were RNA nucleic acid positive,27 cases(11.6%)were rubella IgM antibody positive,and 58 cases(24.9%)were RNA nucleic acid positive.The onset characteristics:measles had high onset from February to July(59.5%),the age group of less than 3 years old was easy to be infected,the positive rate was 54.8%;rubella had high onset from April to July(40.7%)and December(29.6%),the age group of 9 months old to 3 years old were easy to be infected,and the positive rate was 14.8%.Conclusion The positive rate of the real-time PCR method is higher than that of ELISA method.In conducting the measles and rubella detection,the nucleic acid detection of throat swabs sample in early onset can improve the monitoring promptness.Strengthening the management of planned immunization,carrying out the leak detection,supplementary immunization and adult enhanced immunization,and make monitoring the epidemic situation well reach the goal for controlling and eliminating measles prevalence in Hechuan District.
作者
刘莉莉
刘柏林
LIU Lili;LIU Bailin(Hechuan District Center for Disease Prevention and Control,Hechuan,Chongqing 401520,China)
出处
《检验医学与临床》
CAS
2019年第3期390-392,共3页
Laboratory Medicine and Clinic
