摘要
建立基于便携式作物生长监测诊断仪的江西双季稻氮肥调控模型,利用模型推荐穗肥追氮量,实现江西双季稻氮肥追施的精确管理。基于不同株型品种和氮肥处理的田间试验资料,构建了双季稻叶面积指数光谱监测模型,利用拔节期的差值植被指数实时估测叶面积指数,进而结合江西双季稻高产栽培经验和建立的氮肥调控模型,对双季稻穗肥追氮量进行实时推荐,并和当地农户施肥方案和产量进行比较。双季稻关键生育期(分蘖期、拔节期、孕穗期、抽穗期和灌浆期)的冠层差值植被指数DVI(810,720)与叶面积指数均呈显著正相关,线性函数拟合效果优于其他函数。利用独立试验资料对所建模型进行了检验,单生育期的模型预测效果优于全生育期模型;其中,拔节期的光谱监测模型表现最佳,早稻和晚稻叶面积指数的光谱监测模型的R2分别为0.880 6和0.878 8,模型预测早稻和晚稻叶面积指数的均方根误差、相对均方根误差、相关系数分别为0.30和0.25、7.28%和6.18%、0.923 2和0.926 9。氮肥调控模型推荐施肥应用表明,紧凑型品种的穗肥用量高于松散型品种;与农户方案相比,氮肥调控模型推荐施肥的调控方案在产量不降低的情况下减少氮肥用量6.58kg/hm2,提高氮肥农学利用率0.82个百分点、净收益103元/hm2和产投比0.9,而产量比农户方案略高或持平。与传统非定量农户施肥法相比,基于便携式作物生长监测诊断仪的双季稻氮肥调控方法可在保证产量的情况下,减少施氮量,提高氮肥农学利用率,获得更高经济效益,在江西双季稻生产中具有推广应用价值。
The fast,real-time,non-destructive and quantitative monitoring of plant nitrogen status and precise regulation of nitrogen fertilizer has important practical significance for the development of double cropping rice production with higher yield,better grain quality,higher economic efficiency and more ecological safety.The objective of this study was to establish regulation model of nitrogen fertilizer for double cropping rice based on the portable apparatus for crop growth monitoring and diagnosis,which was a multi-spectral sensor containing 810 and 720 nm detection lens and structurally was divided into up-sensor and down-sensor,then recommend nitrogen topdressing rate,so as to achieve precise management of nitrogen topdressing.The spectra monitoring model of leaf area index(LAI)was established based on the datasets of field experiment with different plant type cultivars and nitrogen application rates.The nitrogen topdressing rate were calculated with the newly developed regulation of nitrogen fertilizer model and high yield cultivation experience with LAI,which was real-time estimated from the differential vegetation index(DVI)at jointing stage.Then the recommend nitrogen topdressing rate and grain yield were compared with those of farmer’s nitrogen management treatment.Canopy DVI(810,720)was well positive correlated with LAI at key development stages(tillering stage,jointing stage,booting stage,heading stage and filling stage)of the double cropping rice,and the linear function better fitted the relation than other functions.The models were validated using independent field experiment datasets,involving different plant type cultivars and nitrogen application rates,the prediction effect of model for single stage was better than the whole stage,especially at jointing stage.The coefficient of determination(R2)of spectral monitoring model for LAI in early rice and late rice was 0.880 6 and 0.878 8,respectively.The root mean square error(RMSE),relative root mean square error(RRMSE),correlation coefficient(r)of prediction of LAI in early rice and late rice was 0.30 and 0.25,7.28%and 6.18%,0.923 2 and 0.926 9,respectively.The results of recommend nitrogen topdressing based on regulation model of nitrogen fertilizer indicated that the panicle nitrogen rate of compact plant type cultivar was higher than that of loose plant type cultivar.Compared with the farmer’s nitrogen management treatment,the regulation treatments based on regulation model of nitrogen fertilizer obtained equivalent or high grain yield with reduced nitrogen application rate 6.58 kg/hm^2,while nitrogen agronomic efficiency,net income and yield-cost ratio was improved 0.82 percent point,103 yuan/hm^2 and 0.9,respectively.Compared with the normal method,the real-time topdressing regulation method based on portable apparatus for crop growth monitoring and diagnosis can reduce nitrogen application rate,raise nitrogen agronomic efficiency and higher economic benefits are also achieved on the premise of grain yield,which has a potential to be widely applied for precise nitrogen management and high yield cultivation in double cropping rice production.
作者
李艳大
舒时富
陈立才
叶春
黄俊宝
孙滨峰
王康军
曹中盛
Li Yanda;Shu Shifu;Chen Licai;Ye Chun;Huang Junbao;Sun Binfeng;Wang Kangjun;Cao Zhongsheng(Institute of Agricultural Engineering,Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Jiangxi Province Engineering Research Center of Information Technology in Agriculture,Nanchang 330200,China)
出处
《农业工程学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第2期100-106,共7页
Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300608)
国家青年拔尖人才支持计划项目
江西省科技计划项目(20161BBI90012
20182BCB22015)
公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201303109-4)
江西省农业科学院科技创新及成果转化基金项目(2016CJJ001)联合资助
关键词
氮
肥料
作物
便携式作物生长监测诊断仪
双季稻
差值植被指数
氮肥调控
叶面积指数
产量
nitrogen
fertilizers
crops
portable apparatus for crop growth monitoring and diagnosis
double cropping rice
differential vegetation index
regulation of nitrogen fertilizer
leaf area index
grain yield