摘要
针对粉末炭材料在运输和使用过程中气阻较大,易造成粉尘污染的问题,以及环境恶臭治理成本高的现状,该研究以农业废弃物玉米秸秆为原料、羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)为粘合剂制备出成型秸秆炭,以H2S为目标污染物,探讨了CMC的添加量和成型温度等工艺条件对秸秆炭脱臭性能和抗压强度的影响,再利用SEM、FT-IR、孔结构和比表面积等技术对材料的结构进行了分析。结果表明,添加CMC后秸秆粉末炭可压制成型,随着CMC添加量从10%增加到30%,其抗压强度从19 N·cm^(-2)升高到32 N·cm^(-2),但其脱臭性能下降了25%～50%;随着成型温度从200℃升高到350℃,秸秆炭的脱臭性能和抗压强度均呈现出先上升后下降的趋势,H2S穿透时间在40～55min范围内波动;最终确定的工艺参数为成型温度250℃、CMC添加量20%,该条件下制备的秸秆炭抗压强度可达29 N·cm^(-2),对H2S的吸附时间超过50 min,脱臭效果优于商品活性炭。结构分析显示,添加CMC后的秸秆炭表面均呈现管状结构,且含有大量的含氧官能团,虽然与未添加的样品相比比表面积下降了24.5%,但仍保留了大量的微孔及中孔数量,这是成型秸秆炭仍具有较好脱臭性能的主要原因。该研究制备的成型秸秆炭具有较高的抗压强度和脱臭性能,成本低,可应用于环境中恶臭气体的吸附,实现了农业废弃物资源化利用的目的。
Aim to solve the problems of large air resistance in the transportation and use of powdered carbon materials which are easy to cause dust pollution,as well as the high cost of environmental malodor treatment,corn straw was used as raw material and carboxymethyl cellulose(CMC)was used as the binder to prepare straw carbon.Firstly,H2S was chosen as the target pollutant,and the effects of technological conditions such as CMC addition and molding temperature on the deodorization performance and compressive strength of straw carbon were discussed.Subsequently,SEM,FT-IR,pore structure and specific surface area were used to analyze the structure of the material.The results showed that the powdered straw carbon could be pressed and formed after adding CMC.The compressive strength increases from 19 N·cm^-2 to 32 N·cm^-2 with the addition of CMC from 10%to 30%,but the deodorization performance decreased by 25%-50%.With the molding temperature increasing from 200℃to 350℃,the deodorization performance and compressive strength of straw carbon showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing,and the penetration time of H2S fluctuated within the range of 40-55 min.Finally,when the powdered straw carbonis formed at the molding temperature of 250℃and the CMC addition proportion is 20%,the compressive strength of the prepared straw carbon can reach 29 N·cm^-2.The adsorption time for H2S exceeds 50 min and deodorization effect is better than general commercial activated carbon.Structural analysis showed that the surface of the straw carbon after adding CMC showed a tubular structure and contained a large number of oxygen-containing functional groups.Although the specific surface area decreased by 24.5%,a large number of microholes and medium holes were still retained,which was the main reason why the formed straw carbon still had good deodorization performance.The formed straw carbon prepared in the present invention has high compressive strength and deodorizing performance,low cost,and can be used for adsorption of malodorous gases in the environment,realizing the purpose of resource utilization of agricultural biomass waste.
作者
李芬
葛宝财
王奇飞
孟繁竹
LI Fen;GE Baocai;WANG Qifei;MENG Fanzhu(College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering,Harbin University of Science and Technology,Harbin 150040,China)
出处
《生态环境学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第12期2360-2366,共7页
Ecology and Environmental Sciences
基金
国家重大研发计划项目(2017YF D0200104)
关键词
秸秆炭
脱臭
羧甲基纤维素
成型
straw carbon
desulphurization
carboxymethyl cellulose
molding
