摘要
耕地是重要的生态资源,以耕地生态系统服务价值作为耕地生态补偿的依据,具有科学客观性。以中国各省为例,采用当量因子法和功能价值法相结合的方法,全面系统地分析了中国各省耕地生态系统服务的正、负面价值,补充完善了以往只研究耕地生态系统服务正面价值或仅研究部分负面价值的不足,并引入地方政府支付能力指数和区域社会发展阶段系数等补偿系数,以保证制定出来的耕地生态补偿标准具有现实可操作性。研究结果表明:(1)在全国31个省份中,耕地生态系统服务的正面价值均超过其负面价值,是负面价值的1. 05倍(西藏)至7. 59倍(重庆)。(2)在耕地生态系统服务的负面价值中,化肥施用和农业耗水产生的负面价值所占比重最大,两者之和占负面总价值的比例范围为71. 11%(江西)至98. 75%(西藏),是耕地生态系统服务负面价值的主要来源。可以通过借鉴发达国家的环境保护补贴政策,根据技术规程,对合理减少化肥等化学品使用的农业经营主体进行农业环境保护补贴;通过大力推广高效节水农业生产技术,提高农业水资源利用效率,以降低因化肥的施用和农业耗水产生的负面价值。(3)各省耕地生态系统服务净价值占其GDP的比例范围为0. 04%(北京)至5. 94%(云南),其中,有23个省份的耕地生态系统服务净价值占其GDP的比重超过了1%。(4)依据省域耕地生态系统服务净价值,制定出省域耕地生态补偿标准的范围为142. 04元/hm2(西藏)至28 694. 81元/hm2(上海),补偿额度占各省财政收入的比例范围为0. 23%(北京)至29. 36%(黑龙江)。丰富和完善生态补偿理论,有助于建立科学合理的耕地生态补偿体系,为政府出台相关政策提供技术支撑和依据。
Cultivated land is an important ecological resource.It is scientifically objective to take the values of cultivated land ecosystem services as the basis of ecological compensation of cultivated land.Taking each province of China as examples,the positive and negative values of cultivated land ecosystem services of each province in China is comprehensively and systematically analyzed for the first time by using a combination of equivalence factor method and functional value method,complementing the deficiency of previous research only on the positive values of cultivated land ecosystem services or part of the negative values.In addition,it introduces compensation coefficients such as local government affordability index and regional social development stage coefficient to make ecological compensation standard of cultivated land being practical and operational.The results of the research show that:①The positive values of cultivated land ecosystem services exceed their negative values in 31 provinces in China,which are 1.05 times the negative values in Tibet to 7.59 times in Chongqing.②Among the negative values of cultivated land ecosystem services,the proportion of negative values resulting from the use of chemical fertilizers and agricultural water consumption is the largest.The ratio range of the two to total negative value is from 71.11%of Jiangxi to 98.75%of Tibet,which are the main sources of the negative values of cultivated land ecosystem services.For reducing the negative values of fertilizer application and agricultural water consumption,we can learn from the environmental protection subsidy policies of developed countries.Agricultural environmental protection subsidies shall be given to agricultural operators who reasonably reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and other chemicals according to technical specifications.High efficiency and water-saving agricultural production technology can be vigorously promoted to improve the efficiency of agricultural water resources utilization.③The ratio range of net value of cultivated land ecosystem services to GDP in each province is from 0.04%of Beijing to 5.94%of Yunnan.Among them,net values of cultivated land ecosystem services of 23 provinces exceed 1%of their GDP.④The range of ecological compensation standards of provincial-level cultivated land is from 142.04 Yuan/ha of Tibet to 28 694.81 Yuan/ha of Shanghai,and the ratio range of compensation amount to each province s fiscal revenue is from 0.23%of Beijing to 29.36%of Heilongjiang.The theory of ecological compensation has been enriched and improved,which helps to establish a scientific and reasonable ecological compensation system of cultivated land,providing technical support and basis for the government to issue relevant policies.
作者
刘利花
杨彬如
LIU Li-hua;YANG Bin-ru(Guangdong Academy of Decision Science,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou Guangdong 510275,China;School of Economics and Management,Gansu Institute of Political Science and Law,Lanzhou Gansu 730000,China)
出处
《中国人口·资源与环境》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第2期52-62,共11页
China Population,Resources and Environment
基金
中国博士后科学基金项目"基于生态系统服务价值的耕地生态补偿机制研究"(批准号:2016M600704)
广东省特色重点学科项目"公共管理"(批准号:F2017STSZD01)
关键词
生态系统服务
价值
耕地
生态补偿
ecosystem service
value
cultivated land
ecological compensation
