摘要
厘清影响食品添加剂使用行为的主要因素对促进食品企业降低与食品添加剂相关的安全风险具有重要价值。本文基于江西省N市194家食品工业企业的调查数据,统计分析了食品添加剂的使用情况,采用有序多分类Logistic模型实证研究了影响食品添加剂使用行为的主要因素,并计算了显著影响因素的边际效应。研究结果显示:(1)食品添加剂的类型主要是甜味剂、防腐剂、着色剂、漂白剂和香料。食品添加剂的使用目的主要是改善口感、延长保质期,以及提高营养和改善外观。食品企业已认识到与食品添加剂相关的安全风险。但是,不同食品企业的食品添加剂使用行为存在明显的程度差异。(2)影响食品添加剂使用行为的主要因素是诚信体系、财政支持、处罚力度、抽检力度、忠告等柔性措施、协会指导、自律公约和媒体曝光。(3)不同因素的边际效应存在差异。其中,政府的忠告等柔性措施、抽检力度严厉,以及协会指导和培训是边际效应较大的三个因素。上述研究结果所蕴含的政策含义非常明显。防范食品添加剂的掺假和造假,就必须规范食品添加剂的使用行为。在加强抽检力度的基础上,政府要进行行政管理创新,落实柔性监管,运用非强制性手段进行引导和诱导,改变管理人员与普通员工的价值观和行为方式。此外,政府亟需推动企业建立并运行诚信管理体系,充分发挥行业协会的自律监管,降低媒体曝光的交易成本。
Clarifying the main factors that affect the use behavior of food additives is of great significance to promote food enterprises to reduce food safety risk related to food additives.Using the survey data of 194 food enterprises in N city of Jiangxi Province,this paper analyzes the use of food additives,studies the main factors affecting the use behavior of food additives by using an Ordered Multinomial Logistic Model,and calculates the marginal effect of significant factors.The results shows that:①the main types of food additives are sweeteners,preservatives,coloring agents,bleaching agents and spices.The purpose is to improve the taste,prolong the shelf life,improve nutrition and improve appearance.Food enterprises have recognized safety risks associated with food additives.However,there are obvious differences in the use of food additives among different enterprises.②The main factors that affect the use behavior of food additives are integrity system,financial support,punishment,the strength of the inspection,advice and other flexible measures,the guidance of the association,the self-discipline convention and the media exposure.③There are differences in the marginal effect of different factors.Among them,advice and other flexible measures,the strength of the inspection,and the guidance of the association are three factors that have a larger marginal effect.The policy implication of the findings is obvious.To prevent adulteration and fraud of food additives,it is necessary to standardize the use behavior of food additives.On the basis of strengthening the intensity of the test,the government should carry out flexible supervision for administrative management innovation,use the non-mandatory means to guide and induce the use,and change the values and behavior patterns of the managers and employees.In addition,the government needs to give full play to the‘self-regulation’of the industry association,promote enterprises to establish and operate the integrity management system,and reduce the transaction costs of the media exposure.
作者
牛亮云
陈秀娟
吴林海
吕煜昕
NIU Liang-yun;CHEN Xiu-juan;WU Lin-hai;LV Yu-xin(School of Economics and Management,Beijing Jiaotong University,Beijing 100044,China;Institute of Food Safety Risk Governance,Jiangnan University,Wuxi Jiangsu 214122,China;ZhoushanMarine Research Center,Zhejiang University,Zhoushan Zhejiang 316021,China)
出处
《中国人口·资源与环境》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第2期114-122,共9页
China Population,Resources and Environment
基金
国家社科基金青年项目"食品生产者的造假行为与治理工具研究"(批准号:16CGL048)
