摘要
本文以海河流域为例,通过建立局部均衡模型,分析计量水价、定额管理和按亩收费3种农业用水政策在不同节水目标下对农业生产的影响。结果表明,不同政策会带来作物播种面积和灌溉强度的变化,进而影响作物产量和农业部门社会福利。具体来说:(1)随着用水成本的提高,灌溉作物总播种面积有较大幅度减少,雨养作物总播种面积有较大幅度增加,但作物总播种面积波动幅度较小。(2)不同节水目标下,按亩收费政策使各作物灌溉强度下降幅度最小。(3)相同节水目标下,计量水价政策更符合中国保障粮食安全的目标,但会进一步加剧中国大豆产业的对外依存度。(4)定额管理政策能够以较低的农业部门总福利损失节约更多的水资源。(5)水资源的节约虽使农业部门整体社会福利下降,但几乎不会给农民带来农业生产利润损失。
Taking Haihe River Basin as an example, this article analyzes the influences of three major water management policies in the agricultural sector, namely, water price, quota and tax based on irrigated area on agricultural production by a partial equilibrium model. The results show that the total plantation areas of irrigated crops decreased significantly with the increase in water cost, and the total plantation areas of rain-fed crops increased, while the change of the total plantation areas of crops were minor. Second, under different water-saving targets, the irrigation intensity of crops under the tax based on irrigated area policy decreased the least. Third, the price policy seems the least harmful to China's food self-sufficiency, but it will further enhance the external dependence of China's soybean industry. Fourth, the quota policy can save more water resources with a relatively low welfare loss in the agricultural sector. Finally, although water conservation has reduced the social welfare of the agricultural sector, it does not seem to affect producers' surplus in the agricultural sector.
作者
易福金
肖蓉
王金霞
Yi Fujin;Xiao Rong;Wang Jinxia
出处
《中国农村观察》
CSSCI
北大核心
2019年第1期33-50,共18页
China Rural Survey
基金
国家自然科学基金面上项目"近地面臭氧污染下的粮食安全研究"(项目编号:71673137)
江苏省高校优势学科建设工程资助项目(PAPD)
南京农业大学中央高校科研业务费人文社科基金(SKCX2017001)
江苏农村发展与土地政策研究基地
江苏省农业现代化决策咨询基地的资助
关键词
计量水价
定额管理
按亩收费
海河流域
Water Price
Water Quota
Tax Based on Irrigated Area
Haihe River Basin
