摘要
为了探究有机物料部分替代化肥氮对土壤微生物生态及土壤质量状况的影响,采用大田试验,共设置6个处理:T_1(不施化肥氮)、T_2(单施化肥氮)、T_3(牛粪替代50%化肥氮)、T_4(秸秆替代50%化肥氮)、T_5(牛粪替代50%化肥氮+腐熟剂)、T_6(秸秆替代50%化肥氮+腐熟剂),研究小麦不同生育时期土壤微生物量、活性及其区系组成。结果表明:在小麦成熟期,与T_2处理相比,T_5处理土壤微生物量增加最大,其中土壤微生物碳、氮分别显著提高13.20%、12.98%;T_3处理使土壤呼吸强度提高37.14%,且差异显著;T_5处理对土壤细菌、放线菌数量的增加效果最为显著,分别提高了96.23%、47.67%;T_4处理使土壤真菌数量的增加效果最为显著,提高了27.89%;T_3处理使小麦产量显著提高8.06%。相关分析表明,小麦穗数、穗粒数、千粒重以及产量与土壤微生物量、活性以及优化微生物区系组成,多数呈现显著正相关。无论从对土壤微生物量、活性以及优化微生物区系组成的影响方面还是对小麦产量提高方面,均以有机物料部分替代化肥氮处理为最佳。
In order to explore the effect of organic materials’ replacement of chemical nitrogen on soil microbial ecology and soil quality,field experiments were conducted to determine the soil microbial biomass,activity and faunal composition in different growth stages of wheat. Six treatments were set up:T1 (no fertilizer nitrogen application as control),T2 (single application of fertilizer nitrogen),T3 (cow dung alternative 50% fertilizer nitrogen),T4 (straw instead of 50% fertilizer nitrogen),T5 (cow dung alternative 50% fertilizer nitrogen + curing agent),T6 (straw instead of 50% fertilizer nitrogen + curing agent). Compared with T2 treatment,the results show that,during the ripening period of wheat,T3 treatment could significantly increase the soil respiration and the yield of wheat by 37.14% and 8.06%,respectively;T4 treatment obviously improved the number of soil fungi with 27.89%;the soil microbial biomass was increased maximally by T5 treatment ,and the soil microbial biomass C and N,soil bacteria and actinomycetes were significantly increased by 13.20%,12.98%,96.23% and 47.67%,respectively. Correlation analysis showed that panicle number,number of spikes,thousand seed weight and yield of wheat were positively correlated with soil microbial biomass,activity,optimization of soil microbial flora composition. Therefore,organic material part of the alternative fertilizer nitrogen was better than single application of nitrogen. This job has given the practical base for the reduction of nitrogen fertilizer,the improvement of soil quality and the sustainable development of soil.
作者
刘晓丹
戚秀秀
宋晓爽
窦彩霞
王转
熊伟东
姜瑛
韩燕来
LIU Xiaodan;QI Xiuxiu;SONG Xiaoshuang;DOU Caixia;WANG Zhuan;XIONG Weidong;JIANG Ying;HAN Yanlai(College of Resources and Environment,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 45002,China;Zhengzhou Agricultural Products Quality Testing and Circulation Center,Zhengzhou 450006,China;Agriculture,Forestry and Animal Husbandry Bureau of Tongxu County,Kaifeng 475400,China)
出处
《河南农业大学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第1期1-9,共9页
Journal of Henan Agricultural University
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(SQ2017ZY060063-05)
黄淮流域小麦-玉米地面灌溉周年水肥一体化及节水节肥节药综合技术方案(20150130)
河南省教育厅项目(14B210026)
河南省科技攻关项目(172102110060)
