摘要
目的分析0～6岁永久性听力损失儿童的确诊年龄及发现途径。方法回顾性分析经北京同仁医院儿童听力诊断中心确诊的1 277例0～6岁永久性听力损失儿童的临床资料,根据是否接受新生儿听力筛查及筛查结果分为三组:筛查未通过组、筛查通过组及未筛查组,分析患儿的确诊年龄及发现途径。结果 1 277例听力损失患儿中,筛查未通过组1 005例(78.70%),确诊的中位年龄为4个月;筛查通过组96例(7.52%),确诊的中位年龄为21.5个月;未筛查组176例(13.78%),确诊的中位年龄为24.5个月。筛查未通过组的听力损失确诊年龄明显早于筛查通过组和未筛查组(P<0.01);筛查通过组与未筛查组之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。1 277例中,发现途径主要为新生儿听力筛查(78.70%,1 005/1277);筛查通过组96例中,主要通过家人对其听觉和言语发育观察发现(66.67%,64/96),其次为耳聋基因筛查阳性转诊(11.46%,11/96)和入园体检发现(7.29%,7/96);未筛查组176例中,主要通过家人对其听觉和言语发育观察发现(98.29%,173/176)。结论新生儿听力筛查是早期发现永久性听力损失患儿的主要途径,使患儿确诊年龄明显提前,而筛查通过组和未筛查组确诊年龄仍然较晚。
Objective To study the diagnosis age and the approaches to identifying permanent hearing loss (PHL) in children aged 0~6 years, and their relationship with universal newborn hearing screening (UNHS). Methods The medical histories of 1 277 0~6-year-old children diagnosed with permanent hearing loss (PHL) were reviewed. According to their acceptance of the UNHS and screening results, children were divided into three groups: the failed group, the passed group and the unscreened group. The diagnosis age and the methods to identify PHL were analyzed. Results Of the 1 277 cases, 1 005 cases ( 78.70%) failed the UNHS, with a median diagnosis age of 4 months;96 cases ( 7.52%) passed the UNHS, with a median diagnosis age of 21.5 months;and 176 cases ( 13.78%) were not screened, with a median diagnosis age of 24.5 months. The diagnosis of hearing loss in the failed group was significantly earlier than that in the passed group ( P < 0.01 ) and the unscreened group( P < 0.01 ). UNHS was the main way of identifying PHL with 1 005 cases ( 78.70%). In the passed group, the identification of hearing loss was most often from parental observation on hearing and speech development ( n =64, 66.67%), followed by deafness gene screening ( n =11, 11.46%) and school hearing screening ( n =7, 7.29%).In the unscreened group, the identification of hearing loss was mainly from parental observation on hearing and speech development ( n =173, 98.29%). Conclusion UNHS significantly improved the early diagnosis age of PHL;however, for the passed group it remained late. This study highlights the importance of UNHS. Furthermore, the parental observation on the hearing and speech development of the children who passed the UNHS and hearing health care programs can promote the early identification for children with hearing loss.
作者
王雪瑶
黄丽辉
王现蕾
赵雪雷
杜亚婷
杨亚利
崔庆佳
张燕梅
王士杰
Wang Xueyao;Huang Lihui;Wang Xianlei;Zhao Xuelei;Du Yating;Yang Yali;Cui Qingjia;Zhang Yanmei;Wang Shijie(Beijing Tongren Hospital,Capital Medical University,Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology,Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery (Capital Medical University),Ministry of Education,Beijing,100005,China)
出处
《听力学及言语疾病杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第2期140-143,共4页
Journal of Audiology and Speech Pathology
基金
北京市自然科学基金资助项目(7172052)
