摘要
针对我国水资源分布不均,且耕地数量和结构存在不合理分布的问题,为了探究近年来我国耕地分配模式是否与水资源耦合得当,从时空尺度对我国水土资源不匹配程度进行了分析。在时间尺度上,采用基尼系数法进行分析;在空间尺度上,选择在时间尺度上我国水土不匹配等级最高的2016年为研究年份,以MODIS年蒸散和降水量数据分析水土不匹配等级。并依据省级水土不匹配等级将全国省份划分为三种类型,分类型对耕地数量和结构进行优化讨论。结果表明:2009—2016年我国水土不匹配等级均为差(4级),且不匹配程度略有升高。从全国层面看,我国水土不匹配等级为差(4级),且短缺等级(3级)高于富余等级(2级),水土不匹配的主要原因是水资源短缺。从省级层面看,水土不匹配等级最高的是新疆维吾尔自治区,水资源不足导致其水土匹配程度很差(5级)。另有10个省份的水土不匹配等级达到差(4级),除福建省主要因水资源富余导致水土不匹配外,其余省份均因为水资源短缺。研究成果对在水资源约束条件下优化我国耕地数量和结构分配模式、降低水土不匹配程度具有参考价值。
Aiming at the uneven distribution of water resources in China and the unreasonable distribution of the quantity and structure of cultivated land, the mismatching degree of the water-land resources in China is analyzed on spatial and temporal scales, so as to explore whether the distribution mode of cultivated land in China is properly coupled with water resources in recent years. On temporal-spatial scale, the analysis is made with Gini coefficient method, while the year--2016 with the highest water-land mismatching degree is selected on spatial scale as the study year, and then the water-land mismatching grade in China is analyzed with the data of MODIS annual evapotranspiration and precipitation. Moreover, all the provinces in China are divided into three types in accordance with the relevant provincial water-soil mismatching grade, thus the discussion on optimizing the quantity and structure of cultivated land is carried out according to the types. The result shows that all the mismatching grades in China are poor(grade 4) from 2009 to 2016, while the mismatching degree is slightly increased as well.From the aspect of the national level, the mismatching grade in China is poor(grade 4), while the grade of shortage(grade 3) is higher than surplus grade(grade 2);for which the main reason of water-land mismatching is the shortage of water resources. From the aspect of the provincial level, the province with the highest water-land mismatching grade is Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, of which the water-land mismatching grade is the poorest(grade 5) due to the water resources shortage therein. Additionally, the mismatching grades of the other ten provinces reach the poor grade(grade 4). Except Fujian Province with the water-land mismatching mainly caused by surplus of water resources, the water-land mismatchings of all the other provinces are caused by shortage of water resources. The study result has a referential value for optimizing the distribution mode of the quantity and structure of cultivated land in China and lowering the water-land mismatching degree concerned.
作者
陈紫璇
陈云浩
雷添杰
CHEN Zixuan;CHEN Yunhao;LEI Tianjie(Beijing Key Laboratory for Remote Sensing of Environment and Digital Cities, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875 , China;China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China)
出处
《水利水电技术》
北大核心
2019年第2期69-78,共10页
Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering
基金
国家重点研发计划(2017YFC1502406)
国家自然科学基金项目(51579135)
关键词
耕地变化
水资源
时空匹配
基尼系数
水资源优化配置
蒸散量遥感
气象站逐日降水量
灌溉需水量
variation of cultivated land
water resources
spatiotemporal matching
Gini coefficient
optimal allocation of water resources
remote sensing of evapotranspiration
daily precipitation at meteorological stations
irrigation water requirement
