摘要
丙烯直接氨氧化制丙烯腈工艺由于反应温度高,且反应器内的气相空间存在丙烯、丙烷、丙烯腈、乙腈、氧气、氮气等可燃性气体混合物,极易发生燃爆危险。为研究和评估该工艺装置反应器尾气的燃爆特性,采用11 L爆轰管测试在400℃、40 k Pa (G)工艺条件下,装置开车进料及反应过程中不同进料配比时反应器尾气组成的爆炸极限,并以此绘制爆炸极限三元相图,最终得到爆炸极限和极限氧体积分数。结果表明:反应器内可燃尾气的爆炸上限随氧气体积分数增加而升高,爆炸下限没有明显变化;在开车进料及反应过程中,反应器可燃尾气的极限氧体积分数LOC范围在8. 0%～8. 5%。因此,为避免反应器气相空间在开车过程中发生燃爆危险,需监测反应器内氧气体积分数,并设置氧体积分数报警值小于8. 0%。
The present paper is aimed to provide a testing experience over the explosion limits of the exhaust gases by using the 11 L detonation tube with a purpose to explore and evaluate the explosion conditions of the exhaust gases in the industrial reactor during the start-up process.The start-up process here illustrated can be divided into 2 steps.First of all,it is necessary to bring in propylene and air,and then ammonia gas can be introduced.In the first step,the composition of the exhaust gases has to be gained in the reactor under the conditions with the air/propylene feeding ratios of 5,10,and 15(the ratios of mol).In the second step,the composition of the exhaust gases should be made ready in the reactor under the conditions in a ratio of air/propylene/ammonia of 2:1:1.1 and 3:1:1.5,respectively.And,then,the exhaust gases with air can be kept in an oxygen content concentration rates of 21%,18%,15%,12%,and 10%,respectively,so as for the ignition powerful enough to reach the explosion limits at 400℃,40 kPa(G).Therefore,the explosive ternary phase diagrams have to be plotted and the limited oxygen concentration(LOC)rates have to be achieved.More exactly speaking,in the process of starts-up,the explosion limit of the exhaust gases in the reactor should be arranged in the percentages of 4.5%to 23%at 400℃,40 kPa(G)with air/propylene feeding ratios of 5,with LOC being in a percentage of 8.5%.In the meantime,the explosion limit of the exhaust gases should be set up at 7.5%to 29.5%with the air/propylene feeding ratio of 10,and with the LOC being at the percentage of 8.3%.Moreover,the explosion limit of the exhaust gases should be set up at 7.5%to 30.5%with the air/propylene feeding ratio of 20 and the LOC being in a percentage of 8.0%.The results of our experimental tests show that with the increase of the oxygen concentration,the upper explosion limit tends to increase,while the lower explosion limit does not change significantly,so that the LOC changing rates should vary merely from 8.0%to 8.5%.Thus,it can be seen that the risk of explosion in the reactor can be made avoided,if the oxygen concentration alarming rate can be set up beforehand with the minimum LOC rate being less than 8.0%.
作者
赵磊
文松
冯俊杰
姜杰
孙冰
HAO Lei;WEN Song;FENG Jun-jie;JIANG Jie;SUN Bing(SINOPEC Research Institute of Safety Engineering,State KeyLaboratory of Safety and Control for Chemicals,Qingdao266101,Shandong,China)
出处
《安全与环境学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第1期173-179,共7页
Journal of Safety and Environment
关键词
安全工程
丙烯腈工艺
危险性研究
爆炸极限
极限氧浓度(LOC)
爆炸三元相图
safety engineering
acrylonitrile process
hazard study
explosion limit
limiting oxygen concentration(LOC)
explosive ternary diagrams
