摘要
为了探索旱地农业连作春玉米田不同保护性耕作措施下土壤蓄水保墒效果与不同施肥处理组合下春玉米的增产增收效应,在2014—2016年通过大田试验,研究了旱地农田冬闲期免耕、深松和翻耕3种耕作方式对玉米田冬闲期蓄水保墒效果及玉米生育期3种耕作处理与高、中、低有机肥3种施肥处理组合对春玉米生育期土壤水分动态、产量和经济效益的影响。结果表明,免耕和深松与翻耕相比,蓄水效果较好;2个试验年度冬闲期,免耕和深松较翻耕分别高1.3,0.9个百分点。免耕、深松较翻耕处理0—200 cm土层2年土壤平均贮水量分别增加20.8,22.1 mm;玉米生长生育期在高有机肥条件下,免耕、深松较翻耕处理0—200 cm土层土壤平均贮水量分别高44.2,34.6 mm;以高有机肥深松处理产量、WUE和纯收益最高。2年平均产量、WUE和纯收益分别为9 332.40 kg/hm^2,22.01 kg/(hm^2·mm)和5 104.1元/hm^2,高有机肥免耕处理次之,较高有机肥免耕处理增产和增收分别为7.4%和3.9%。综合考虑各处理土壤蓄水保墒效果和玉米增产增收效应,高有机肥深松是旱区连作玉米田最优的耕作和施肥处理组合。
In order to explore the effects of different conservation tillage measures on soil water conservation,and the effects of different fertilization treatments on yield and income of spring maize in continuous cropping spring maize field of dryland,field experiments were conducted in 2014 to 2016.We studied the water conservation effects of three types of tillage methods (no-tillage,subsoiling and plowing) during winter leisure periods,and the effects of the combination of three kinds of tillage treatments and three fertilization treatments (high organic fertilizer,medium organic fertilizer and low organic fertilizer) on the soil water dynamics,yield and economic benefits of spring maize during maize growth period.The results showed that no-tillage and subsoiling were better in water conservation.In the winter leisure periods of the two experimental years,no-tillage and subsoiling were 1.3 and 0.9 percent points higher than that of ploughing.Compared with plowing treatment,the average soil water storage in 0-200 cm soil layer in two years was increased by 20.8 mm and 22.1 mm in no-tillage and subsoiling treatments,respectively.During the growth period of maize,under the condition of high organic fertilizer,the average soil water storage in the 0-200 cm soil layer of no-tillage and subsoiling treatment was 44.2 mm and 34.6 mm higher than that of plowing treatment.The yield,WUE and net yield of the high organic fertilizer and subsoiling treatment were the highest,and the average yield,WUE and net yield of two years were 9 332.40 kg/hm^2,22.01 kg/(hm^2·mm)and 5 104.1 yuan/hm^2,respectively,followed by high organic fertilizer and no-tillage treatment,the yield and income of the high organic fertilizer and subsoiling treatment was increased by 7.4% and 3.9%,respectively,compared with the high organic fertilizer and no-tillage treatment.Considering comprehensively the effect of soil water conservation and the effect of increasing yield and income of maize,high organic fertilizer and subsoiling treatment was the best combination for continuous cropping maize field in arid area.
作者
李娟
葛磊
曹婷婷
徐艳
LI Juan;GE Lei;CAO Tingting;XU Yan(Institute of Land Engineering and Technology,Shaanxi Land Engineering Construction GroupCo.,Ltd.,Xi’an 710075;Shaanxi Land Engineering Construction Group Co.,Ltd.,Xi’an 710075;Key Laboratory of Degraded and Unused Land Consolidation Engineering,the Ministry of Land andResources,Xi’an 710075;Shaanxi Land Consolidation Engineering Technology Research Center,Xi’an 710075)
出处
《水土保持学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第2期121-127,共7页
Journal of Soil and Water Conservation
基金
陕西省重点科技创新团队计划项目(2016KCT-23)
关键词
旱区农业
耕作方式
土壤贮水量
春玉米
产量
水分利用效率
arid agriculture
tillage methods
soil water storage
spring maize
yield
water use efficiency
