摘要
为摸清伊犁垦区苹果主要病虫害种类及发生危害情况,从而促进苹果病虫害综合防控。本文于2016-2018年在伊犁垦区苹果主栽区采用系统普查、标准地监测及示范推广相结合的方法,对苹果主要病虫害种类、发生动态及危害规律进行调查,探讨苹果主要病虫害综合防治技术。结果表明:伊犁垦区苹果常见病害8种,常见虫害9种,其中以苹果黑星病、腐烂病、苹果蠹蛾、梨小食心虫、红蜘蛛、蚜虫为主要病虫害。危害较重的病害为苹果黑星病,该病每年4月上旬开始侵染,早春低温多雨有利于该病的爆发。危害较重的虫害是苹果蠹蛾和梨小食心虫,通过定点监测,得出苹果蠹蛾在伊犁垦区一年发生3代,梨小食心虫一年发生5代,由于受7、8月高温的影响,这两种食心虫均出现世代重叠现象。主要以幼虫钻蛀果实进行危害,防治难度较大,对晚熟品种果实危害严重。在苹果生产上采用合理密植、适时修剪、科学施肥、选种抗病品种及冬季、早春清园为主的农业措施防治,糖醋液、果实套袋及性诱剂诱杀成虫的物理措施,配合生物农药及高效、低毒的化学农药防治相结合的综合性防治措施,可有效控制苹果病虫害的发生。
In order to find out the main apple diseases and insect pests in Yili reclamation area,and to provide comprehensive prevention and control of apple diseases and insect pests,in this paper,through systematic investigation and monitoring,field experiments and demonstrations were combined in main apples planting areas in Yili district during 2016-2018.A survey was conducted on the main pests and diseases of apples,their occurrence dynamics,and the hazards of the disease,and the techniques for the comprehensive prevention and control of major pests and diseases in apples were discussed.The results showed that there were 8 popular diseases in Yili reclamation area,9 main insect pests,among which 6 kinds of diseases and insect pests were Venturia inaequalis , Valsa mali Miyabe, Cydia pomonella,Grapholitha molesta (Busck),red spider and aphid.The most serious disease was apple scab,which begins to infect in early April of each year.Early spring low temperature and rainy weather was beneficial to the outbreak.The more harmful insect pests were the Cydia pomonella ,and Grapholitha molesta (Busck).Through the fixed-point monitoring,it was found that the pinetmoth moth occurred three generations a year in Yili reclamation area,and the small pear carpel had five generations a year.Due to the influence of high temperature in July and August,the two insects had overlapping generations.It is difficult to prevent and control the fruit of larval borers.The prevention and control of agricultural measures,such as rational planting,timely pruning,scientific fertilization,selection of disease resistant varieties and clearing garden in winter and early spring,the physical measures of sweet and sour liquid,fruit bagging and sex attractants to kill adults,combined with integrated control of biological pesticides and chemical pesticides with high efficiency and low toxicity.The measures can effectively control the occurrence of apple diseases and insect pests.
作者
徐阳
宋义前
王佳武
于庆帆
唐永清
王朴
XU Yang;SONG Yi-qian;WANG Jia-wu;YU Qing-fan;TANG Yong-qing;WANG Pu(Agricultural Science Research Institute of The 4 th Division of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps,Yining 835000,China)
出处
《黑龙江农业科学》
2019年第4期50-54,共5页
Heilongjiang Agricultural Sciences
基金
新疆第四师科技项目(2017ny017)
关键词
苹果
病虫害
发生规律
防治措施
伊犁垦区
apple
pests and diseases
occurrence regularity
control measurement
Yili reclamation area
