摘要
为了探究寒地黑土区水稻耗水特性及其对水分利用效率的影响,于2017年在黑龙江省水稻灌溉试验站的蒸渗仪内进行了水稻耗水试验。采用U_7(7~6)均匀试验设计,分析了各生育期水稻生育阶段、昼夜间及逐时耗水量的变化特征,明确了各生育阶段耗水量对产量及生物量水分利用效率的影响。结果表明:拔节孕穗期各处理耗水量及耗水模系数均值最高,分别为77. 25 mm、23. 09%;水稻各处理昼间、夜间耗水量总体呈现"低-高-低"的变化趋势,抽穗开花期昼、夜间耗水量均值达到最大,为6. 32、0. 76 mm/d;分蘖前期、分蘖中期水稻昼间耗水特征呈倒"V"形曲线,耗水量高峰出现在12:00—13:00;分蘖后期至乳熟期呈"M"形曲线,耗水量高峰分别出现在11:00—12:00、13:00—14:00,乳熟期首个耗水量峰值相对提前,为10:00—11:00;阶段耗水量对水分利用效率(WUE)的直接作用和对R^2总贡献排列一致,由大到小依次为抽穗开花期耗水量(ET_5)、分蘖中期耗水量(ET_2)、拔节孕穗期耗水量(ET_4)、分蘖后期耗水量(ET_3)、乳熟期耗水量(ET_6)、分蘖前期耗水量(ET_1);分蘖后期、乳熟期耗水量对WUE存在直接负作用,阶段耗水量对WUE影响决定系数较大的变量由大到小依次为ET_5、ET_4×ET_5、ET_2×ET_5、ET_2、ET_4;抽穗开花期生物量水分利用效率(SWUE5)与水稻产量及WUE均呈显著正相关,分蘖前期至抽穗开花期耗水量对SWUE5的影响由大到小依次为ET_5、ET_4、ET_3、ET_1、ET_2。该研究结果可为深入研究黑土区水稻耗水特性、水分利用规律及水稻节水高效生产提供依据。
In order to explore the effect of rice water consumption characteristics on WUE in cold black soil region, the experiment was carried out by lysimeter at the rice irrigation experiment station of Heilongjiang Province in 2017. The U 7 (7^6 ) experiment was conducted to analyze the variation regular of water consumption of rice stage water consumption, during daytime, nighttime and hourly at different growth stages, the effects of water consumption at different growth stages on WUE and biomass WUE were clarified. The results showed that water consumption and water consumption percentage were the highest at the jointing-booting stage, which were 77.25 mm and 23.09%, respectively. The daytime and nighttime water consumption of rice showed a trend of “low-high-low”, The daytime and nighttime water consumption reached the maximum at the heading-flowering stage, which were 6.32 mm/d and 0.76 mm/d, respectively. The water consumption characteristics of rice in the daytime showed an inverted “V” curve at the early and mid-tillering stage, the water consumption peak was at 12:00-13:00. It showed an “M” curve from the late tillering stage to the milky stage, the water consumption peak was at 11:00-12:00 and 13:00-14:00, respectively. The time of the maximum water consumption was at 10:00-11:00 during the milky stage. The direct effect of stage water consumption on WUE and the total contribution to R 2 were consistent, and the order from large to small was ET 5 , ET 2 , ET 4 , ET 3 , ET 6 and ET 1 . The water consumption at the late tillering and milky stage had a direct negative impact on WUE , the order of the determinant coefficient of water consumption in each stage on WUE was ET 5 , ET 4 × ET 5 , ET 2 × ET 5 , ET 2 and ET 4 . There were significant positive correlations between SWUE 5 and rice yield and WUE , the effect order of water consumption on SWUE 5 from the early tillering to heading-flowering stage was ET 5 , ET 4 , ET 3 , ET 1 and ET 2 . The study would be helpful in understanding water consumption and water use efficiency of rice and formulating water-saving plan in black soil region.
作者
魏永霞
汝晨
吴昱
刘慧
杨军明
侯景翔
WEI Yongxia;RU Chen;WU Yu;LIU Hui;YANG Junming;HOU Jingxiang(School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China;Key Laboratory of High Efficiency Use of Agricultural Water Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China;Heilongjiang Agricultural Reclamation Survey and Research Institute, Harbin 150090, China;College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China;School of Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China)
出处
《农业机械学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第4期245-254,共10页
Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC040010101)
东北农业大学农业农村部农业水资源高效利用重点实验室开放项目(2017009)
关键词
水稻
寒地黑土区
耗水特性
水分利用效率
通径分析
rice
cold black soil region
water consumption characteristics
water use efficiency
path analysis
