摘要
由细胞释放到细胞外环境中的来源于内体和细胞膜的多样化的膜性囊泡,统称为细胞外囊泡。这些细胞外囊泡作为细胞间转运膜和可溶性蛋白、脂质、RNA的载体,代表一种重要的细胞间通讯方式。虽然很多报道证明,多种细胞释放细胞外囊泡,并且具有一定的生理意义,但是我们目前缺乏对细胞外囊泡分子机制的深入理解,在细胞外囊泡研究的方法学以及人为调控细胞外囊泡的释放等方面也存在局限性,因此使得我们对它们在体内的生理学功能和细胞外囊泡作为疾病靶标的转化医学的研究进程缓慢。在这篇综述中,该文主要从细胞外囊泡的分类、分子细胞生物学研究、生理及病生理功能、细胞外囊泡的研究方法几个方面回顾当前细胞外囊泡领域的研究进展。
Cells release into the extracellular environment diverse types of membrane vesicles of endosomal and plasma membrane origin called extracellular vesicles (EV). These EV represent an important mode of intercellular communication by serving as vehicles for transfer between cells of membrane and cytosolic proteins, lipids, and RNA. Although over the past decades, many literatures report that extracellular vesicles have been released by a variety of cells, deficiencies in our knowledge of the molecular mechanisms for EV formation and lack of methods to interfere with the packaging of cargo or with vesicle release, still hamper the progress of developing EV as biomarkers for specific diseases. In this review, we focused on the definition, classification and characterization of EV and on currently proposed mechanisms for their formation, targeting, and function. We would also talk about the separation and detection methodologies of EV.
作者
陈扬
Chen Yang(Center for Precision Medicine Multi-Omics Research,Peking University Health Science Center,Peking University,Beijing 100191,China)
出处
《中国细胞生物学学报》
CAS
CSCD
2019年第2期202-210,共9页
Chinese Journal of Cell Biology
基金
科技部重点研发专项(批准号:2018YFA0507102)
国家自然科学基金(批准号:91754108
31671395)资助的课题~~
关键词
细胞外囊泡
外泌体
迁移体
分离技术
检测方法
extracellular vesicles
exosome
migrasome
separation technology
detection methodology
