摘要
目的:处于生长高峰期的女子足球运动员的身体素质变化迅速,由于缺少有效的测试评价手段,教练员往往难以制定个性化体能发展计划。方法:选取山西体育职业学院U13组(42人)和U15组(23人)女子足球运动员,确保无疲劳情况下进行下肢功能力量(单脚跳、跨步跳和侧向跨步跳)特征和运动表现(反应力量指数、下肢刚度、20 m冲刺和T测试)测试。结果:U13和U15组在单脚跳、跨步跳、侧向跨步跳、反应力量指数(RSI)、下肢刚度、20 m冲刺均存在统计学差异(P<0.05),而在T测试(12.53±0.72)、(12.45±1.06)未见统计学差异。U13和U15组在单脚跳相对值(0.91±0.10)、(0.89±0.10),跨步跳相对值(0.99±0.08)、(0.98±0.08),侧向跨步跳相对值(1.01±0.09)、(0.98±0.07),均未见统计学差异(P>0.05)。两组单脚跳相对值均达到89%,而相对跨步跳成绩两组均未达到109%。结论:U13和U15组女足运动员加速能力(单脚跳/身高值)普遍超过89%,而减速能力(跨步跳/对侧单脚跳)均未达到109%;U15组女子足球运动员的下肢功能、20 m冲刺和RSI成绩均有显著提高,但T测试成绩改善并不明显。
Objectives: The physical fitness of female football players in PHV changes rapidly. Due to the lack of effective test and evaluation methods, coaches often find it difficult to formulate personalized fitness development plan. Methods: In this study, 42 female football players (U13 group) and 23 female football players (U15 group) in PHV from Shanxi Institute of Physical Education were selected to test their functional strength of lower limbs (hop, bound and lateral bound) and performance (RSI, lower extremity stiffness, 20m sprint and T test) without fatigue. Results:There were significant differences between U13 and U15 groups in hop, bound, lateral bound, RSI, lower extremity stiffness and 20m sprint (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in T test. There was no significant difference in the relative value of hop, bound and lateral bound (P>0.05) between U13 and U15 groups. The relative value of the two groups reached 89%, while the relative jump score of the two groups did not reach 109%. Conclusion: The acceleration ability (hop/height) of female football players was generally over 89%, and the deceleration ability (bound/opposite side hop) did not reach 109%;The lower limb functional strength, 20 meter sprint and reaction strength index scores of female football players were significantly improved but the improvement of T test scores was not significant.
作者
申小宝
赵栋辉
SHEN Xiaobao;ZHAO Donghui(Shanxi Sports vocational school,Taiyuan 030006,China;Jinshan Youth Amateur Sports Schools,Shanghai 200051,China)
出处
《体育科研》
2019年第2期91-96,共6页
Sport Science Research
基金
山西省体育局科研课题(17TY114)
关键词
女子足球
U13
U15
下肢功能特征
运动表现
Women's football
U13, U15
characteristics of lower limb function
athletic performance
