摘要
简要介绍中国隧道工程的基本情况,特别是改革开放40年来中国在修建隧道工程上取得的成绩。已建成的36 103 km交通隧道中有34 708 km是在改革开放后建成的,占96%。重点从特长隧道、深埋隧道、大断面隧道、高海拔隧道及复杂条件下的隧道工程等方面阐述中国在修建重大隧道工程中遇到的挑战及取得的成就,指出:特长隧道面临的主要技术挑战是地质勘察的准确性、快速施工以及运营防灾等问题;深埋隧道面临的挑战主要有高地应力、高水压、高地温的"三高"难题;大断面隧道不仅在设计方面技术难度大,在施工方面也面临诸多挑战;高海拔隧道面临的主要挑战是冻融问题和高原缺氧问题;在各种复杂环境下修建了大量的隧道工程,包括岩溶、瓦斯、高地应力、高压富水、膨胀岩等各种复杂地质条件下和在复杂城市环境下修建的浅埋、大跨、城市地下立交等隧道工程,并在隧道工程修建技术上取得了新突破。从勘察、设计、施工、运营等方面提出中国隧道工程今后的发展方向主要是从发展速度向发展质量的转变。中国隧道工程40年来的成就离不开国际隧道工程技术的发展,而中国隧道工程的发展也对国际隧道工程的发展做出了贡献。
In this paper, the current situation of tunnel engineering in China is introduced, especially the achievements obtained in the field of tunnel construction since the reform and opening-up over 40 years. The 34 708 km long traffic tunnel built after reform and opening-up takes 96% of the total length. The challenges met and achievements obtained during the key tunnel projects construction in China are presented emphatically from the aspects of extra-long tunnel, deep tunnel, large tunnel, tunnel at high altitude and tunnel in complex environment. It is pointed out that: the main technological challenges during extra-long tunnel construction are the accuracy of geological investigation, rapid construction and running disaster prevention;the main challenges during deep tunnel construction are high geostress, high waterpressure and high geothermal;the large tunnel faces high design and construction challenges;the challenges during tunnel construction at high altitude are freezing thawing and hypoxia;but still, many tunnels have been built under complex environments, including karst, gas, high geostress, high waterpressure, expansive rock, etc., and many technological breakthroughs have been achieved. The development trend of tunnel projects in China is proposed from the aspects of investigation, design, construction and operation, turning the development speed into development quality. It is generally acknowledged that the tunnel engineering achievements in China over the past 40 years benefit significantly from the development of international tunnel technology. Meanwhile, the development of tunneling technology in China has also greatly contributed to the international tunnel engineering development.
作者
严金秀
YAN Jinxiu(China Railway Academy Co.,Ltd.,Chengdu 610032,Sichuan,China)
出处
《隧道建设（中英文）》
北大核心
2019年第4期537-544,共8页
Tunnel Construction
关键词
隧道工程
特长隧道
深埋隧道
大断面隧道
高海拔隧道
复杂条件隧道
tunnel engineering
long tunnel
deep tunnel
large tunnel
tunnel at high altitude
tunnel in complex environment
