摘要
玉米生理成熟期籽粒含水率偏高是制约玉米机收籽粒的关键因素。生理成熟后田间站秆有利于玉米籽粒脱水,但田间站秆时间过长对玉米产量等性状均有较大影响。本试验通过对比不同玉米品种生理成熟期后田间站秆4周时间的籽粒含水率、籽粒平均脱水速率、百粒干重、倒伏倒折性、穗腐病以及掉穗率等指标的变化,结果发现,生理成熟期各玉米品种籽粒含水率普遍较高,成熟后田间站秆2周后,除郑单958和东单913外,其他玉米籽粒含水率均降至28%以下,其中粒收1号后期脱水速率最快,超过0.5%/d;百粒重成熟后2周时间内变化不显著,但超过2周,百粒重则显著下降;玉米倒伏倒折率表现为站秆2周变化不明显,2周后显著提高;穗腐病表现为随着站秆时间的增加而显著增加的趋势,可能与成熟后期雨水较多有关;除东单913和广德5号外,其余玉米掉穗率表现为站秆2周无显著变化,2周后则表现为显著增加的趋势;产量损失表现出与掉穗率一致的趋势,站秆2周无显著变化,2周后产量损失率显著增加。综合分析各指标变化情况发现,玉米生理成熟后田间站秆时间不宜超过2周,一般以7～12 d最为适宜。
The high moisture content of corn in the physiological maturity period is the key factor to restrict the maize of mechanical harvest grain.Standing in field for a period of time after physiological mature stage is benefit for kernel naturally dry-down,however,it has a great impact on corn yield and other traits if standing too long in field.This experiment compared the changings of maize growth traits such as grain moisture content,average kernel naturally dry-down rate,100 grain dry weight,lodging rate,ear rot incidence and dropout rates during 4 weeks after physiological mature stage,Finally found that kernel moisture content was so high during the physiological maturity period,after 2 weeks of physiological mature in field, kernel moisture content of maize fell to less than 28% except for ZhengDan 958 and DongDan 913,and kernel dehydration rate of LiShou No.1 was the fastest over 0.5%/d.There was no significant changings in the 100-grain weight within 2 weeks after physiogical maturity, but after 2 weeks, the 100-grain weight decreased significantly.The lodging rate of corn showed that no changings obviously within 2 weeks after physiogical maturity,but it increased significantly after 2 weeks.Ear rot incidence showed a significant increasing with the standing time,and it may be related to the raining in the later mature period. Dropout rate of maize showed no significant changings within 2 weeks after physiological maturity except for DongDan 913 and GuangDe No.5,but it increased significantly after 2 weeks. Production loss showed an identical trend with the rate of dropout, there was no significant changings in 2 weeks, and increased significantly after 2 weeks. Therefore, a comprehensive analysis of growth traits found that the standing time in field after physiological matuirty should not over 2 weeks, generally,7-12 days was appropriate.
作者
刘青松
肖宇
徐玉鹏
阎旭东
LIU Qingsong;XIAO Yu;XU Yupeng;YAN Xudong(Cangzhou Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Cangzhou 061000, China)
出处
《内蒙古农业大学学报（自然科学版）》
CAS
北大核心
2019年第2期19-25,共7页
Journal of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University(Natural Science Edition)
基金
国家重点研发计划:玉米密植高产宜机收品种筛选及配套栽培技术(2016YFD0300305)
关键词
生理成熟
籽粒含水率
百粒重
倒伏率
穗腐病
掉穗率
站秆时间
Physiological maturity
kernel moisture content
100-grain weight
lodging rate
ear rot disease
dropout rate
standing time
