摘要
【目的】基于大果紫檀(Pterocarpus macrocarpus)早期生长和材性性状遗传变异规律及其遗传和表型相关关系分析,筛选早期速生优质大果紫檀优良遗传材料。【方法】对广东省阳江10年生大果紫檀种源试验林的保存率、树高、胸径、材积、枝下高、分枝角、含水率、湿胀率、基本密度、波速和弹性模量进行调查分析,通过混合线性模型对各性状进行方差分析、遗传参数估算和相关性分析;利用指数方程进行优良种源和单株选择。【结果】10年生的大果紫檀林分生长良好,各种源适应能力强;各性状种源间差异极显著,生长性状在种源水平上受中等强度以下遗传控制(0.258～0.637),材性性状呈现中度或强度遗传控制(0.321～0.814);材积与胸径、树高、枝下高和分枝角之间呈极显著遗传正相关;木材基本密度和弹性模量与生长性状之间遗传相关不显著;通过构建性状权重指数方程,按照标准选出5个优良单株,优良单株胸径、树高、材积、密度、波速和弹性模量较对照分别提高了23.319%、16.503%、48.025%、3.569%、7.033%和17.767%,综合选优效果明显。【结论】在进行大果紫檀早期引种选育过程中,可以根据不同的培育目标筛选优良遗传材料,最大限度地挖掘其遗传潜力。
【Objective】Pterocarpus macrocarpus Kurz.,commonly known as Myanmar Huali,belongs to the genus Pterocarpus of the Papilionoideae family.The genetic variability and genetic/phenotypic correlations,among the growth and wood traits,were studied for screening of the excellent genetic materials of P.macrocarpus.Screening excellent provenances which are suitable for planting in the western Guangdong Province with fast-growing and high-quality characteristics is great significance for improving economic benefits,reaching the needs of the timber industry,and improving the ecology of the environment.【Method】The survival,diameter at breast height(DDBH),tree height(H),single-tree volume(V),under-branch height(Hb),branch angle(θb),moisture content(Cm),wet expansion(Rwe),wood density(ρw),wave velocity(Vtof)and modulus of elasticity(EMOE)were studied in a provenance testing trial on 10-year-old specimens in Baishengyuan,Yangjiang City,in the west Guangdong Province.The variations,genetic parameters,and correlations were estimated for each trait using a mixed linear model.Furthermore,we used exponential equations to select the advantageous provenances and individuals.【Result】The survival of 10-year-old P.macrocarpus is high and it grows well.It is suitable for growth in the west of the Guangdong Province.The under-branch height of 10-year-old P.macrocarpus accounted for almost 1/3 of the total tree height.The furniture quality and yield of a single tree were high.The variation coefficients of diameter at breast height(DDBH)and tree height(21.08%and 16.56%,respectively)were relatively small.The variation coefficients of the other three phenotypic traits reached more than 30%,which indicates that the observed traits had a large variation and a good selection.The coefficient of variation of the modulus of elasticity(16.55%)is 2.5 times higher than that of the basic density(6.29%),which indicates that the modulus of elasticity may have more genetic variability than basic density.There were extremely significant differences among the traits.The growth and wood traits were genetically controlled,at a low and medium/strong intensity,at the levels of provenance and individual,respectively.There were significant differences of all traits among the provenances.The growth traits were hereditarily controlled at below a moderate intensity(0.258-0.637)at the provenance level,whilst the wood traits were moderately to intensively controlled(0.321-0.814).The differences in the basic density and wave velocity between provenances of P.macrocarpus is mainly caused by genetic effects.Additionally,the growth traits are more susceptible to environmental impacts.An appropriate growth environment or cultivation and management techniques can obtain certain growth gains.The single tree volume(V)had highly significant genetic correlations with the diameter at breast height(DDBH),tree height(H),under-branch height(Hb)and branch angle(θb).There were insignificant genetic correlations between the wood base density(ρw)/modulus of elasticity(EMOE)and growth traits.Five superior individuals were selected according to the trait weighted index equation,with increases in the DDBH,tree height,volume,base density,wave velocity and modulus of elasticity of 23.319%,16.503%,48.025%,3.569%,7.033%and 17.767%,respectively.This demonstrates a distinct selection effect.The selected superior individuals were unevenly distributed among the sources,of which P200502 was the most abundant,accounting for 60%of the total selected plants.【Conclusion】There were abundant variations in the growth and wood properties among and within the provenances of the 10-year-old P.macrocarpus.The genetic control over the growth and wood properties at the provenance level was above moderate intensity,and good selection effects could be achieved by using the appropriate methods.Superior individuals could be selected for different breeding purposes,to fully benefit from their genetic potentials during the early selection of P.macrocarpus.
作者
洪舟
刘福妹
杨曾奖
曾杰
张宁南
林国雄
徐大平
HONG Zhou;LIU Fumei;YANG Zengjiang;ZENG Jie;ZHANG Ningnan;LIN Guoxiong;XU Daping(Research Institute of Tropical Forestry,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Guangzhou 510520,China;The Experimental Centre of Tropical Forestry,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Pingxiang 532600,China;Yangjiang Baishengyuan Industrial Co.,Ltd.,Yangjiang 529500,China)
出处
《南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第2期161-167,共7页
Journal of Nanjing Forestry University：Natural Sciences Edition
基金
中国林科院中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金项目(CAFYBB2018SZ002)
关键词
大果紫檀
种源
生长性状
材性性状
遗传分析
早期选择
Pterocarpus macrocarpus Kurz.
provenance
growth traits
wood properties
genetic analysis
early selection
