摘要
纳粹历史教育在第二次世界大战后德国纳粹历史反思和民主化转型过程中发挥了基础性作用。战后初期直至20世纪60年代的德国纳粹历史教育经历了一次失范与重构,主要表现为教育流派、逻辑起点与叙事范式的转变。占领时期美国政府依照杜威等学者对纳粹主义根源的诊断,在西占区发起"再教育"运动以克服德国的专制传统,以实用主义的教育方式揭露纳粹罪行和德国人民的集体罪责。联邦德国建立后,文化教育学的复归彻底改变了50年代纳粹历史教育的逻辑和范式,教育界在"美好过去"的自我设定下对纳粹历史采取沉默与逃避的态度,最终导致1959年反犹浪潮的爆发。1966年阿多诺发表《奥斯维辛之后的教育》报告,指明了纳粹历史教育对德国社会的重要性,将"大屠杀"设定为纳粹历史教育的核心内容,批判放弃思考和判断的纳粹"追随者",从而引领纳粹历史教育率先转向批判教育学范式并走上正轨。
The Nazi history education played a fundamental role in the Nazi historical reflection and democratization transformation in post-war Germany. The Nazi history education in the Federal Republic of Germany experienced anomie and reconstruction until the 1960s, mainly manifested in the transformation of educational genre, logical starting point and narrative paradigm. During the occupation period, the US government launched a “re-education” campaign in West Germany in accordance with the diagnosis of Nazism by scholars such as Dewey, in order to overcome the German autocratic tradition and reveal the Nazi crimes and collective responsibility of the German people through pragmatic education. After the founding of the Federal Republic of Germany, the revival of “Humanities Education” completely changed the logic and paradigm of Nazi history education in the 1950s. German education community adopted a silent and evasive attitude towards Nazi history under self-set of the “good past”, which eventually led to the anti-Jewish wave in 1959. In 1966, Adorno published the “Education after Auschwitz” report, which pointed out the importance of Nazi history education to German society, set “Holocaust” as the core content of Nazi history education, and criticized the Nazi “followers”, who gave up thinking and judging. Under the guidance of this report, Nazi history education turned to the “critical education” paradigm and found the right path.
作者
孙文沛
阮一帆
SUN Wen-pei;RUAN Yi-fan(Marxism School, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China)
出处
《教育学报》
CSSCI
北大核心
2019年第2期90-98,共9页
Journal of Educational Studies
基金
国家社会科学基金一般项目"战后德国政治教育发展变革的动力机制及其启示价值研究"(项目编号:16BKS113)
2017年湖北省教育厅哲学社会科学研究重大项目"当代德国二战史观教育发展机制及其借鉴研究"(项目编号:17ZD046)研究成果
