摘要
通过2016—2017年对麻城市油茶落花落果观测,分析各气象灾害引起油茶落花落果表现特征、所占百分比和对应时期气象资料,结果表明:气象灾害导致的落花落果超过生理落果及机械损伤落果,占比近30%;产生油茶落花落果的主要气象灾害依次为高温干旱、低温冻害、风灾和梅雨期连阴雨;落花落果易发期有3个:冬季、梅雨期和盛夏,尤以冬季和盛夏期最重;产生油茶落花落果现象的气象灾害指标为:高温日数达到10d以上且无降水、日最大风速≥8.0m/s、Tm≤-3.5℃、梅雨期出现3~5d连阴雨。通过油茶坐果率年变化曲线,揭示了油茶全生育期各气象灾害、生理或机械损伤落果导致坐果率逐渐下降的变化趋势和规律,为有效应对气象灾害,加强灾害防控,提高油茶产量,提供科学依据。
Through the observation of fallen fruit of camellia oleifera in macheng city from 2016 to 2017, the performance characteristics, percentage and corresponding period meteorological data of fallen fruit of camellia oleifera caused by various meteorological disasters were analyzed. The results show that the number of fallen fruit caused by meteorological disasters exceeds that caused by physiological and mechanical damage, accounting for nearly 30%.The main meteorological disasters of falling flower and fruit of camellia oleifera were high temperature drought, low temperature freezing damage, wind disaster and rainy period.There are three vulnerable periods: winter, plum rain and summer, especially in winter and summer.The index of the meteorological disaster causing fallen petal fruit drop phenomenon are follows: high temperature days: more than 10 d without precipitation, daily maximum wind speed: 8.0 m/s or higher, Temperature≤-3.5 ℃ or less and the Meiyu period in 3~5 d continuously. Through the curve of the annual change of fruit setting rate of oil tea, the trend and rule of the gradual decrease of fruit setting rate caused by meteorological disasters, physiological or mechanical damage in the whole growth period of oil tea were revealed, which provides scientific basis for effectively dealing with meteorological disasters, strengthening disaster prevention and control, and increasing the yield of oil tea.
作者
刘中新
周汝宝
陶列
胡大海
LIU Zhongxin;ZHOU Rubao;TAO Lie;HU Dahai(The Meteorological Bureau of Xishui county,Hubei province ,Xishui 438200,China;The MeteorologicalBureau of Macheng City,Hubei province ,Macheng 438300,China;The Meteorological Bureauof Huangshi city,Hubei province,Huangshi 435000,China)
出处
《中低纬山地气象》
2019年第2期34-38,共5页
Mid-low Latitude Mountain Meteorology
基金
湖北省气象局科技发展基金(2016Y10):麻城市油茶生产气象服务技术研究
关键词
油茶
落花落果
气象灾害
指标
camellia
the fallen petal fruit drop
meteorological disasters
indicators
