摘要
为研究旱地麦田休闲期耕作配施磷肥对土壤水分及小麦籽粒品质的影响,明确最佳的蓄水保墒配套磷肥施用技术,试验于2014年在运城市闻喜县小麦试验基地展开,以前茬小麦收获后(7月)的休闲期耕作方式为主区,设深翻和免耕2个水平;以播前基施磷肥量为副区,设P2O50(P0),75(P75),150(P150),225 kg/hm2(P225)4个水平,探索旱地麦田0～300 cm土壤蓄水量、产量及品质对耕作及施磷量的响应。结果表明,休闲期深翻可充分蓄纳休闲期降雨,提高旱地麦田播前底墒,并将其蓄积效果延续至孕穗期,最终显著提高产量及籽粒蛋白质及其组分含量;可溶性糖、蔗糖和淀粉含量也显著提高,且均在施磷量为150 kg/hm2时达最大值。经相关性分析可知,旱地麦田越冬—孕穗期0～300 cm土壤需水量与小麦籽粒产量及蛋白质、糖类的形成呈极显著正相关。休闲期深翻可促进旱地麦田土壤蓄积休闲期降水,配施150 kg/hm2磷肥有利于小麦籽粒蛋白质及糖类的积累,从而同时实现旱地小麦增产优质。
The research aimed to study the effects of phosphorus application on soil moisture and wheat grain quality during the fallow period of dryland wheat, and to clarify the best application method of phosphorus fertilizer application. The field experiment was carried out at wheat experiment station in Wenxi county in 2014-2015. The main block of the experiment was the different tillage method during fallow period, including 2 levels: deep tillage(DT) and no tillage(NT), and the sub-block was the amount of phosphate applied before sowing, including 4 levels: P2O5 0 kg/hm^2(P0), 75 kg/hm^2(P75), 150 kg/hm^2 (P150), 225 kg/hm^2(P225) to explore the response of water soil water storage, grain yield and quality to tillage and phosphorus application. The results showed that DT significantly increased the soil water storage for the depth of 0-300 cm of the dryland wheat field, significantly increased grain yield, significantly increased grain protein and its components content, soluble sugar, sucrose and starch content also were increased significantly, both of them reached maximum when the phosphorus application rate was 150 kg/hm^2. In addition, the correlation analysis showed that the water requirement of 0-300 cm soil in the dry wheat field overwintering and booting stage was significantly positively correlated with wheat grain yield and protein and sugar formation. DT can promote the precipitation storage during the fallow period, plusing the application of 150 kg/hm^2 phosphate fertilizer is beneficial to the accumulation of wheat grain protein and sugar, which ultimately achieves the coordinated improvement of yield and grain quality.
作者
张慧芋
孙敏
任爱霞
李莹
杨文彪
刘凯凯
高志强
ZHANG Huiyu;SUN Min;REN Aixia;LI Ying;YANG Wenbiao;LIU Kaikai;GAO Zhiqiang(College of Agronomy,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taigu 030801,China)
出处
《山西农业科学》
2019年第5期836-840,共5页
Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences
基金
山西省研究生优秀创新项目(2018SY037)
山西省重点研发计划重点项目(201703D211001-02)
山西农谷建设科研专项(SXNGJSKYZX201703)
国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项经费(CARS-03-01-24)
旱作栽培与作物生态山西省重点实验室(201705D11111161)
山西省科技创新团队项目(201605D131041)
山西省回国留学人员科研资助项目(2017-068)
晋中市科技计划项目(Y172007-2)
关键词
旱地小麦
休闲期耕作
土壤需水量
籽粒品质
dryland wheat
tillage during fallow period
soil water storage
grain quality
