摘要
现有苎麻剥麻机械,存在的工作效率低、劳动强度大和剥麻质量低等问题严重阻碍了苎麻行业的发展。笔者在分析和研究各类剥麻机特点和麻农切实需要的基础上,提出纵向劈裂、横向提拉的剥麻新方式,设计出一种提拉式苎麻剥麻机。分析现有苎麻剥麻机的特点,确定了纵向劈裂、横向提拉的设计方案,介绍了整机的结构和工作原理,运用三维软件对导向机构、劈麻组合刀具、提麻机构、控制系统和总体结构等进行设计和分析。由于劈麻效果直接影响剥麻质量,重点分析了劈麻组合刀具各部分的设计原理,研究了劈麻刀厚度、刃角和切入角对刀具和劈麻效果的影响,并对其进行有限元分析,确定最大应力和最大应变位置。此外,对船形头、定位尖和展开翼进行了比对试验,确定了最佳方案。根据苎麻茎秆尺寸和力学性能,计算出劈开展平苎麻茎秆的转角和挠度,确定了提麻刀臂的棱角角度和直径,并根据劈麻和提麻的速度要求,完成了提麻刮骨控制系统的设计。最后对样机进行了验证试验,结果表明:麻骨以大块的长条状与韧皮纤维分离,提拉式苎麻剥麻机能达到预期设计效果。
Ramie, also known as “Chinese grass”, a traditional crop in China, has a long cultivation history. However, in recent years, due to the increasing labor cost and the difficulty of machining ramie, the planting area of ramie has been reduced dramatically, making the ramie industry facing a crisis. Through industrial investigations, it was found that the existing ramie decorticators have a number of problems, such as low working efficiency, high labor intensity and poor quality of stripped ramie, which seriously hinders the development of the ramie industry. On the ba sis of analyzing the characteristics of various ramie decorticators and the practical needs of the farmers, this study pro posed a transverse and longitudinal splitting lift way of peeling ramie and designed the lifting ramie decorticator. Based on the analysis of the characteristics of the existing ramie decorticators, the design scheme of longitudinal splitting and transverse pulling was decided. Firstly, the structure and working principle of the whole ramie decorticator were intro duced and the guiding device, chopping knife, lifting device, control system and structure diagram were designed and analyzed using the three dimensional software. Because the splitting process directly affected the quality of ramie strip ping, this paper mainly analyzed the design principle of each part of chopping knife, investigated the effects of the thickness, edge angle and cut in angle on the splitting knife and the effect of splitting, carried out the finite element a nalysis and determined the location of maximum stress and strain. In addition, this paper compared different ship types of heads, positioning tips and unfolding wings to obtain the optimal scheme. According to the size and mechanical properties of ramie stalk, the angle and deflection of split and unfolded ramie were calculated. The angle and diameter of arm for lifting ramie were determined, and the control system of ramie lifting and scraping was designed according to the speed requirement of ramie splitting and ramie lifting. Finally, the prototype was tested, and the results showed that the ramie bone was separated from phloem fiber by massive strips and the lifting ramie decorticator reached the expected design targets and the yield of fresh ramie was 4.6%, dirt percentage was 1.4%, primary ramie productivity was 12 kg/ h. So the labor intensity was effectively reduced.
作者
谭新建
郭克君
张殿松
苏宁
满大为
袁小军
TAN Xinjian;GUO Kejun;ZHANG Diansong;SU Ning;MAN Dawei;YUAN Xiaojun(Experimental Center for Subtropical Forestry,CAF,Fenyi 336600,Jiangxi,China;Harbin Research Institute of Forestry Machinery,State Administration of Forestry and Grassland,Harbin 150086,China;Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Forestry,Beijing 100091,China)
出处
《林业工程学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第3期106-111,共6页
Journal of Forestry Engineering
基金
中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金(CAFYBB2017ZC007)
关键词
苎麻
苎麻剥麻机
提拉式
劈麻
设计
ramie
ramie decorticator
lifting
split ramie
design
