摘要
抽穗期是农作物的重要性状,决定着作物的地区和季节适应性。明确不同谷子品种适合的种植区域,对生产实践具有重要意义。在海南、洛阳、吉林3个地区连续2年调查了160份谷子资源的抽穗期、株高、穗长、穗重等9个主要性状。相关性分析发现3个地区抽穗期与千粒重均呈负相关,而在海南、洛阳2个地区抽穗期与株高、叶片数、穗长、穗粗、穗重、穗码数、穗粒重均呈正相关,吉林地区抽穗期与穗粒重呈负相关,说明随着抽穗期的适当延长,谷子主要通过增加子粒数目提高产量,而抽穗期过度推迟,则可能导致产量潜力下降;方差分析表明,3个地区抽穗期对千粒重、株高、叶片数、穗长、穗粗、穗重、穗粒重、穗码数均有显著影响(P<0.05)。在海南,随着抽穗期的延长穗粒重递增,抽穗期40 d以上品种穗粒重最大;在洛阳,抽穗期50～60 d的品种穗粒重最高;在吉林,抽穗期70～80 d的品种穗粒重最高。求得每个品种在3个地区的穗粒重均值,以此为依据筛选出53份广生态适应性品种,在3个地区成功建立了叶片数、株高、穗码数对抽穗期的最佳回归方程。本研究表明一定抽穗期范围内谷子主要通过增加穗粒数而不是千粒重来实现增产,筛选出的广生态适应性谷子资源以及建立的回归方程为开展广适应育种、利用抽穗期信息对叶片数、株高、穗码数进行准确选择奠定了基础。
Heading date is an important character,which determines the region and season adaptability of crops. Making clear the suitable planting regions for different foxtail millet cultivars is very important to production practice. 160 foxtail millet resources were investigated for nine traits(e.g. heading date,plant height,panicle length,panicle weight and so on) at Hainan,Luoyang and Jilin in two consecutive years. Correlation analysis showed that a negative correlation was existed between heading date and 1000-grain weight across three regions,but a positive correlation was existed between heading date and plant height,leaf number,panicle length,panicle diameter,panicle weight,branch number per panicle and grain weight per panicle at Hainan and Luoyang,a minor negative correlation was existed between heading date and grain weight per panicle at Jilin,which indicated that with the proper delay of heading date,the grain yield of foxtail millet could be increased by grain number increasement,while excessive delay of heading date might lead to decline of production potential. Variance analysis showed that heading date had significant effect on plant height,leaf number,panicle length,panicle diameter,panicle weight,branch number per panicle,grain weight per panicle and 1000-grain weight(P<0.05) across three regions. At Hainan,with the delay of heading date,grain weight per panicle gave an increasing trend.The cultivars with their heading date longer than 40 d possesed the largest grain weight per panicle. At Luoyang,the cultivars with their heading date ranged from 50 d to 60 d possesed the highest grain weight per panicle. At Jilin,the cultivars with their heading date ranged from 70 d to 80 d possesed the highest grain weight per panicle.The average grain weight per panicle of each variety across three regions was measured and based on which 53 broad ecological adaptability foxtail millet varieties were screened out. The optimum regression equations between plant height,leaf number,branch number per panicle and heading date were established across three regions. This study concluded that within a certain heading date range,the yield of foxtail millet was increased by increasing grain number but not 1000-grain weight. The selected broad ecological adaptability resources and the established regression equations provided foundation for broad-adaptability cultivar breeding and accurately selection of plant height,leaf number and branch number per panicle by heading date information.
作者
贾小平
李剑峰
赵渊
全建章
董志平
戴凌峰
张小梅
张博
袁玺垒
JIA Xiao-ping;LI Jian-feng;ZHAO Yuan;QUAN Jian-zhang;DONG Zhi-ping;DAI Ling-feng;ZHANG Xiao-mei;ZHANG Bo;YUAN Xi-lei(College ofAgriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023;Institute of Millet, Hebei Academy ofAgriculture and Forestry Sciences /National Millet Improvement Center, Shijiazhuang 050035)
出处
《植物遗传资源学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第3期634-645,共12页
Journal of Plant Genetic Resources
基金
国家自然科学基金(31471569)~~
关键词
谷子
抽穗期
地区适应性
农艺性状
回归分析
Setaria italica(L.)P. Beauv.
heading date
regional adaptability
agronomic traits
regression analysis
