摘要
目的对某市渔船急性硫化氢中毒案例进行特征分析,开展防治对策研究,为制定防治策略提供科学依据。方法于2018年7月,收集海洋与渔业和卫生部门在2009年1月1日至2018年6月30日期间登记的渔船急性硫化氢中毒数据,分析该市渔船急性硫化氢中毒的事故特点,并比较不同渔船种类、事故地点和直接中毒原因等分类统计下硫化氢中毒的差异。结果该市2009至2018年发生急性硫化氢中毒14起,2人以上中毒8起,共中毒34人(救援人员占47.1%),死亡12人(病死率35.3%);从渔船种类看,捕捞船的急性硫化氢中毒事件数、中毒人数、死亡人数居多,分别占71.4%(10/14)、76.5%(26/34)、75.0%(9/12)。从事故地点看,85.7%(12/14)的急性硫化氢中毒事件数发生在港外;Fisher确切概率法结果显示,港内的病死率明显大于港外,差异有统计学意义(P=0.008)。从直接中毒原因看,前3位原因为下舱救援、下舱搬鲜、清洗鱼舱引起;中毒呈现季节性变化,Fisher确切概率法结果显示,夏季的病死率明显高于春季,差异有统计学意义(P=0.044),其余季节的病死率两两比较差异无统计意义(P>0.05)。结论该市渔船急性硫化氢中毒具有病死率高、多为集体中毒、施救人员中毒比例高、后援困难等特点,盲目救援、设施不全、制度不完善是导致中毒的重要因素,应加强日常措施和救援措施建设,减少中毒发生和人员伤亡。
Objective To conduct a characteristic analysis of the case of acute hydrogen sulfide poisoning in fishing boats for nearly ten years in a city, and to research on prevention and control measures, so as to provide scientific basis for formulating prevention strategies. Methods In July 2018, collecting the data of acute hydrogen sulfide poisoning in fishing boats recorded by the Oceanic and Fishery Department & Health Sector from January 1, 2009 to June 30, 2018, the accident characteristics of acute hydrogen sulfide poisoning in fishing boats was analyzed, and compared the differences of hydrogen sulfide poisoning under different classification statistics. Results In the past ten years, there were 14 acute poisonings in the city, 34 people were poisoned and 12 deaths (the case fatality rate was 35.3%). According to the types of fishing vessels, the majority number of acute hydrogen sulfide poisoning incidents, poisoned persons and deaths occurred on fishing boats, accounted for 71.4%(10/14), 76.5%(26/34) and 75.0%(9/12) respectively. From the location of the accident, 85.7%(12/14) of the acute hydrogen sulfide poisoning incidents occurred outside the fishing port. Fisher's exact test showed that the case fatality rate in within the fishing port was higher than that outside the fishing port (P=0.008). From the cause of direct poisoning, the first three reasons were enter the fish room to rescue, enter the fish room to move fresh catch, to clean the fish room. The poisoning showed seasonal changes, Fisher's exact test showed that the fatality rate in summer was significantly higher than that in spring (P=0.044), but there was no statistical significance in other seasons (P>0.05). Conclusion The acute hydrogen sulfide poisoning of fishing boats in this city has a high case fatality rate, frequent collective poisoning, and showed seasonal changes. Blind rescue, incomplete facilities, and inadequate system are important factors leading to poisoning, so daily measures and rescue measures should be strengthened to reduce the occurrence of poisoning and casualties.
作者
方家阳
张海蕾
徐慧琇
Fang Jiayang;Zhang Hailei;Xu Huixiu(Taizhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Taizhou,318000, China)
出处
《中华劳动卫生职业病杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第4期273-277,共5页
Chinese Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases
关键词
硫化氢
渔船
中毒
特征分析
Hydrogen sulfide
Fishing boats
Poisoning
Characteristic analysis
